Mitosis, meiosis, and the cell cycle! Flashcards
What is meiosis?
A process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half of the original amount of genetic information.
What is Mitosis
The process of cell division, during which one cell gives rise to two identical daughter cells
What is the order of the phases of meiosis
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Cytokenesis, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2, Cytokenisis
What is the order of mitosis
PMAT
What is a chromosome?
A thread like structure located inside the nucleus of a cell. Made up of DNA and protein, which carries the genetic information of an organism
What is chromatin
a mixture of DNA and proteins that forms the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms
What is a chromatid
one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division
What happens in Prophase 1 in meiosis
the chromosomes coil up, the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate and the centrosomes begin moving apart
What happens in Metaphase 1 in meiosis
The individual chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids, line up along the center of the cell on the metaphase plate, with the spindle fibers attaching to the centromeres, preparing for the separation of sister chromatids
What happens in Anaphase 1 in meiosis
The homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, while the sister chromatids within each chromosome remain attatched
What happens in telophase 1 in meiosis
the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, a new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell begins to prepare for cytokinesis which creates 2 cells
What is the purpose of Meiosis 1 in meiosis
To separate Homologous Chromosomes
What happens in Prophase 2 in meiosis
Chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and a new spindle apparatus forms
What happens at metaphase 2 in meiosis
the paired chromosomes line up
What happens in Anaphase 2 in meiosis
the chromatids split at the centromere and migrate along the spindle fibers to opposite poles
What happens in Telophase 2 in meiosis
the cells pinch in the center and divide again creating 4 cells
What is the purpose of meiosis 2 in meiosis
to separate sister chromatids
What kind of cells go through meiosis
Germ cells producing gametes
What happens in Prophase in mitosis
the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells
What happens to metaphase in Mitosis
the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of the cell, ready to divide. All the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (not a physical structure, just a term for the plane where the chromosomes line up).
What happens in anaphase in mitosis
the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
What happens in Telophase in Mitosis
Chromosomes arrive at the cell poles, and new nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes
What happens in G1
The cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and makes the molecular building blacks it will need in later steps
What happens in synthesis
the cells DNA is replicated, meaning an exact copy of the genetic material is made
