Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCBG > Mitosis + Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis + Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four stages of the cell cycle?
Summary of what happens in each

A

Growth 1 - cell grows
S phase - chromosomes replicate
Growth 2 - cell prepares for cell divison
Cell division - mitosis or meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does diploid mean?
Where are they from?

A

Two copies of each chromosome
One maternal and one paternal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two arms of a chromosome?

A

P - short
Q - long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is at the end of each chromosome?
What are they?

A

Telomere
Repeat sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the four types of centromere from the central to close to the top

A

Metacentric
Submetacentric
Acrocentric
Telocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the appearance of chromosomes during metaphase?

A

Condensed
Different shapes and sizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are chromosomes grouped? (3)
How many groups are there?

A

Size, position of centromere, local differences

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What groups are X and Y in?

A

C

G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of banding is used to stain chromosomes?

A

G staining (giema staining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs before a G stain is added?

A

Enzymatic digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is G banding used to identify? (3)

A

Translocations
Duplications
Loss of Y chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is turners syndrome?

A

One X chromosome missing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are chromosomes occupied in the nucleus?

A

Occupy distinct territories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do homologous chromosomes have the same of?

A

Same genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are alleles?

A

Variants of the same gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do sister chromatids and non sister chromatids compare?

A

Sister chomatids - same alleles
Non sister chromatids - different alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Cells of the body

18
Q

What happens in G1 phase?

A

Metabolic changes in preparation for cell division

19
Q

What happens in S phase?

A

DNA synthesis replicates the genetic material

20
Q

What happens in G2 phase?

A

Metabolic changes - assemble cytoplasmic materials for mitosis

21
Q

What happens in G0 phase?

A

Cell is not growing or dividing

22
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Nuclear envelope dissolves
Nucleolus goes
Chromosomes condense
Spindle fibres form

23
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes
Chromosomes align

24
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Centromeres divide
Sister chromatids move to opposite sides

25
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

Nuclear envelope forms
Chromosomes decondense
Spindle fibres disappear

26
Q

What type of cells undergo meiosis?

A

Germline

27
Q

What type of cells are the start and end of meiosis?

A

Diploid

Haploid

28
Q

What happens in prophase 1?

A

Nuclear membrane dissolves
Chromosomes condense
Homologous chromosomes pair up
Crossing over occurs

29
Q

What type of chromosomes are formed after crossing over occurs?

A

Recombinant chromosomes

30
Q

What happens in metaphase 1?

A

Spindle fibres form
Chromosomes line up in the centre

31
Q

What happens in anaphase 1?

A

Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles

32
Q

What happens in telophase 1?

A

Nuclear membrane reforms
Chromosomes decondense
Cytokinesis occurs

33
Q

What is the difference between meiosis 1 and 2?

A

No DNA replication in meiosis 2

34
Q

What happens before meiosis 1?

A

DNA replication

35
Q

What are the products of meiosis?

A

Four haploid daughter cells

36
Q

What does meiosis ensure/why is it important?
How does this happen? (2)

A

Genetic diversity

Random assortment of chromosome
Crossing over

37
Q

What is meiosis in sperm cells called?

A

Spermatogenesis

38
Q

What are the four stages sperm cell in spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocyte
Spermatids
Mature sperm

39
Q

What is the process of meiosis in oocytes?

A

Oogonium
Primary oocyte
Polar bodies
Mature ovum

40
Q

What is the condition in which a haploid organism has an abnormal number of chromosomes?

A

Aneuploidy

41
Q

What causes aneuploidy?

A

Non-disjunction - failure to separate pairs of chromosomes lined up at the metaphase

42
Q

What causes Down syndrome?

A

Non-disjunction
Trisomy of chromosome 21 (3)

MCBG (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions