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MCBG > Cell Structure And Functions > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Functions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the outermost membrane of a cell?
What is it composed of?

A

Plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer

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2
Q

What is the glycocalyx?

A

Glycoproteins and glycolipids that project from the plasma membrane

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3
Q

What is a function of the glycocalyx?

A

Protect the cell from the immune system - shows immunogenicity

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4
Q

What are some functions of the plasma membrane?

A
  • cell recognition and adhesion
  • compartmentalisation
  • selective permeability
  • endocytosis
  • exocytosis
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5
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside

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6
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell

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7
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

DNA, RNA and nucleoproteins (ribosomes)

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8
Q

What is the dense part of the nucleus?
How would you identify it using a TEM?

A

Heterochromatin - not active in RNA synthesis
Darker part

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9
Q

What is the less dense part of the nucleus?

A

Euchromatin - active in RNA synthesis

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10
Q

What happens in the nucleolus?

A

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

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11
Q

What allows the ribosomal subunits to leave the nucleolus?

A

Nuclear pores

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12
Q

Where are ribosomes assembled?

A

Rough ER

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13
Q

What is the nuclear envelope a type of?

A

Specialised ER

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14
Q

Function of RER

A

Site of ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis

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15
Q

Function of SER (2 specific)

A

Lipid biosynthesis
Intracellular transport

N-linked glycosylation
Disulphide bond formation

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16
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus

A

Receives proteins at cis face
Modifies them
Sorts and packages them into vesicles
Proteins leave via trans face

17
Q

What is the cis face of the Golgi body?

A

Outer part
Where substances enter from the endoplasmic reticulum for processing

18
Q

What is the trans face of a Golgi body?

A

Inner part
Where vesicles detach to assemble into lysosome, secretion or further processing

19
Q

What do lysosomes contain?

A

Acid hydrolases

20
Q

What are lysosomes that have digested their contents by contain indigestible remnants called?

A

Residual bodies

21
Q

Where are peroxisomes high in number?

A

Kidney and liver
They modify toxic molecules before re entering the blood stream

22
Q

What are peroxisomes that site of?

A

Oxygen utilisation
Peroxide production

23
Q

What are the folds of the inner membrane in mitochondria called?

A

Cristae

24
Q

Function of mitochondria (2)

A

Site of of ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation

Act as a Ca2+ store

25
Q

What is the inner space of mitochondria called?
What does it contain?

A

Matrix
Enzymes of krebs and fatty acid cycles

26
Q

What is special about mitochondria?

A

You inherit all mitochondria from your mother

27
Q

Three main types of cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

28
Q

Function of cytoskeleton

A
  • structural support for plasma membrane and organelles
  • provides means of movement for organelles
29
Q

What do Microfilaments bind to to allow contraction?

A

ATP

30
Q

Function of intermediate filaments

A

Tough supporting mesh work in the cytoplasm
They hold the cell together and prevent lysis

31
Q

Function of microtubules

A

Originate from centrosome
Attachment proteins can bind to organelles and move them along the microtubules

32
Q

Why wouldn’t there be a nuclear envelope?

A

In prophase
It breaks down
To release chromosomes

33
Q

What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer? (4)

A
  • Allows for selective permeability
  • Exocytosis and endocytosis
  • Recognition
  • Adhesion
34
Q

What type of molecule is a phospholipid?
What does this mean?

A

Amphipathic - has a polar head and non-polar tail

35
Q

What are the two types of secretion from Golgi apparatus?

A

Constitutive

Signal mediated

36
Q

What does constitutive secretion mean?

A

Continuous

37
Q

What is the cell coat of a lysosome called?
What is it made of?
What is its function?

A

Glycocalyx

Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides

Stops lysozymes digesting the cell

MCBG (10 decks)

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