mitosis/meiosis

Question 1

DNA structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 1

prokaryotes: circular
eukaryotes: linear

Question 2

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 2

prior to cell division

Question 3

dna replication

Answer 3

goes from one strand to two separate strands

Question 4

DNA damaging agents

Answer 4

UV rays, X ray, environmental chemicals
- some enzymes can repair or remove some damage

Question 5

Cell Division in Prokaryotes

Answer 5

binary fission: cell splits in half

Question 6

Binary Fission: Fts2

Answer 6

helps separate two rings in dna replication in prokaryotes

Question 7

in eukaryotic cells where is the genetic information stored?

Answer 7

chromosomes

Question 8

Structure of Chromosomes

Answer 8

karyotype
diploid
haploid

Question 9

karyotype

Answer 9

individual’s particular array of chromosome

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

possessing TWO copies of each chromosome

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

possessing a SINGLE copy of each chromosome

Question 12

5 phases of cell division

Answer 12

G1- primary growth phase
S- genome replicated
G2- secondary growth phase
M- mitosis
C- cytokinesis

Question 13

Interphase: Cell Divison

Answer 13

G1, S, G2

Question 14

G1 phase

Answer 14

when cells undergo majority of growth

Question 15

S phase

Answer 15

each chromosome replicates to produce sister chromatids

Question 16

Sister Chromatid

Answer 16

the identical copies formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere

Question 17

G2 phase

Answer 17

chromosome condense

Question 18

Mitosis Phases

Answer 18

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 19

prophase: mitosis

Answer 19

-spindle apparatus assemble
-nuclear envelope breaks

Question 20

What are spindle made of ?

Answer 20

microtubules

Question 21

Metaphase: Mitosis

Answer 21

-chromosomes align in center
- when they line up and split in half
- everything is copied
- checkpoint

Question 22

Anaphase: Mitosis

Answer 22

sister chromatids pulled towards poles

Question 23

Telophase: mitosis

Answer 23

spindle disassemble

Question 24

Cytokinesis

Answer 24

cleavage of cell into two halves

Question 25

Gametes

Answer 25

-eggs and sperm - contains 2 chromosomes

Question 26

What do gamete’s do in sexual reproduction?

Answer 26

fuse together contain half of the complete chromosome known as a zygote

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

the fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 28

Gamete Formation(sexual reproduction) involves?

Answer 28

meiosis

Question 29

what are diploids in sexual reproduction?

Answer 29

two sets of chromosomes in adult individuals (somatic cellls)

Question 30

What are haploids in sexual reproduction?

Answer 30

one set in gamete

Question 31

Sexual Life Cycle

Answer 31

zygotes undergo MEIOSIS to produce haploids the haploids undergo MITOSIS

Question 32

Meiosis: Prophase I

Answer 32

homologous chromosomes become closely associated in synapsis (chromosomes finding each other to pair together)

Question 33

Meiosis: Metaphase I

Answer 33

-terminal chiasmata holds homologous pairs together - spindle microtubules attach to kineochine - line up on metaphase plate

Question 34

Meiosis: Anaphase I

Answer 34

-spindle fibers began to shorten - one homologous goes to one side one does to another - they part ways

Question 35

Are the two cells that result from MEIOSIS I diploid or haploid?

Answer 35

Haploid

Question 36

Meiosis: Telophase I

Answer 36

chromosomes are segregated into two clusters

Question 37

Second Meiotic Divison

Answer 37

prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II

Question 38

What is the final result of meiosis II

Answer 38

4 haploid cells that are not identical sister chromatid

Question 39

what are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 39

Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father.