central dogma Flashcards
Hereditary Instructions in __________?
DNA
how are proteins synthesized from DNA?
Cells use RNA to make proteins
what are the three types of RNA?
rRNA. tRNA. mRNA
rRNA
ribosomal RNA
-the site of protein assembly
tRNA
transfer RNA
- transports and positions amino acids
mRNA
messenger RNA
- directs which amino acids are assembled into proteins
what is the central dogma?
DNA->RNA-> Proteins
-genes make protein function
what is transcription?
DNA is transcribed into RNA
what is the non-transcribed strand called?
coding strand
how is transcription initiated?
RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
-complex enzyme protein
-catalyzes the assembly of an RNA molecule
Where does RNA Polymerase occur?
in the nucleus
Promoter
where transcription starts: where RNA polymerase binds(binding site)
Template Strand
3’ to 5’
what does 5’ and 3’ mean?
5’= 5th carbon with phosphate
3’ = 3rd carbon with hydroxyl
what direction does RNA polymerase add ribonucleotide?

5’ to 3’
what is elongation(transcription)?
when transcription Bubble moves down DNA a constant rate
What is termination(transcription)?
stop sequences at the end of the gene causes bond formation to cease
where does transcription start?
at the promoters (rna polymerase binding sites)
How is eukaryotic transcription different from prokaryotic transcription?
-has 3 RNA polymerase
- the rna are modified AFTER transcription
What are exons?
sections of DNA that contain instructions for making a protein
What are introns?
do not code for proteins synthesis (there is no genetic information)
what are spliced out to form mRNA finals version?
introns
Before leaving the nucleus what does mRNA have?
5’ cap and poly A tail(3’)
