Mitosis + Cancer Flashcards
What does mitosis produce?
Two genetically identical diploid daughter cells (also genetically identical to the parent cell)
State the 3 stages of the cell cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokenisis
State the 4 stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(I) PMAT
State 3 uses for mitosis
Growth
Repair/replace damaged cells
Asexual Reproduction
Define cytokenisis
The process where the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two seperate cells before the telophase ends
What happens in the interphase?
Increase number of subcellular structures like mitochondria and ribosomes
Then duplicates DNA which forms two sets of X-shaped chromosomes
What is the name for an arm of a chromosome?
Chromatid
What happens in the prophase?
Chromosomes condense
Nucleus membrane breaks down leaving chromosomes lying free in the cytoplasm
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes line up along the cell’s centre
What happens in the anaphase?
Spindle fibres pull the chromosomes apart
Then the chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
What happens in the telophase?
Membranes form around each set of chromosomes
These become the nuclei of the two new cells
If you start with 1 cell, after 4 divisions of mitosis, how many cells will there be?
16
number of cells = 2 to the power of number of divisions
2 x 2 x 2 x 2
If you start with 1 cell, after 2 divisions of mitosis, how many cells will there be?
4
number of cells = 2 to the power of number of divisions
What is cancer?
A group of diseases where changes in genes can lead to uncontrolled growth or division of cells
What controls the rate of cell division?
Genes in an organism’s DNA
