Health + Disease Flashcards
Define Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO)
Define Infirmity
Weakness or frailty, commonly due to old age
Define Disease
A condition where part of an organism doesn’t function properly
Name the two types of disease
Communicable
Non-communicable
Define communicable disease
and give an example
Diseases that can be spread between individuals (e.g. ebola or tuberculosis)
Define non-communicable disease and give and example
Diseases that can’t be transmitted between individuals (e.g. cancer)
Name the 4 types of pathogen
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
Viruses
Define pathogen
Micro-organisms that cause communicable disease
Name 3 diseases caused by bacteria
Cholera
Tuberculosis
Stomach Ulcers
Which type of pathogen causes Malaria?
Protist
Give a symptom of the ebola virus
Haemorrhagic fever (a fever with bleeding)
Name the disease that infects ash trees and its pathogen
Chalara ash dieback
Fungus
What are the symptoms of Cholera?
Diarrhoea which causes dehydration
What are the symptoms of Tuberculosis?
Coughing and lung damage
What are the effects of malaria?
Damage to RBC and, in extreme cases, the liver
What are the symptoms of stomach ulcers?
Stomach pain, nausea and vomiting
Name 2 symptoms of Chalara Ash Dieback
Bark lesions
Leaf loss
How is Cholera spread?
Via Contaminated water
How is Tuberculosis spread?
Through the air when infected people cough
How is Malaria spread?
Female mosquitoes act as animal vectors and they pass on the protist to humans they bite without themselves becoming infected
How is Ebola spread?
Via Bodily fluids
How is Chalara Ash Dieback spread?
Through the air by the wind and when ash trees are moved from area to area
How are Stomach Ulcers spread?
Oral transmission (e.g. swallowing contaminated water or food)
How can the transmission of Cholera be prevented?
Drinking only bottled water
Boiling/treating water
How can the spread of Ebola be prevented?
Isolating those infected
Sterilising any areas where the virus may be present
How can the spread of Tuberculosis be prevented?
Infected people should avoid crowded spaces
Practice good hygiene
Sleep alone
Well-ventilated home
How can the spread of Malaria be prevented?
Mosquito nets
Insect repellent
How can the spread of Stomach Ulcers be prevented?
Clean water supplies
Hygienic living conditions
How can the spread of Chalara Ash Dieback be prevented?
Removing and burning infected ash trees
Restricting movement of ash trees
