Mitosis And Meiosis

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

Answer 1

To produce two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair.

Question 2

True or False: Meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Mitosis occurs in ______ cells.

Answer 3

somatic

Question 4

What type of cells does meiosis produce?

Answer 4

Gametes (sperm and eggs)

Question 5

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane?

Answer 5

Metaphase

Question 6

What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Answer 6

Crossing over

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following phases is unique to meiosis? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase E) Prophase I

Answer 7

E) Prophase I

Question 8

What is the end result of a single round of meiosis?

Answer 8

Four haploid cells

Question 9

True or False: Mitosis involves two rounds of cell division.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What phase follows telophase in mitosis?

Answer 10

Cytokinesis

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The chromosomal number is halved during ______.

Answer 11

meiosis

Question 12

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 12

Identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which phase of meiosis is responsible for separating homologous chromosomes? A) Anaphase I B) Anaphase II C) Metaphase I D) Telophase I

Answer 13

A) Anaphase I

Question 14

What is the function of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

Answer 14

To pull apart sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 15

True or False: Both mitosis and meiosis are essential for growth and reproduction.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the term for the first division of meiosis?

Answer 16

Meiosis I

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The genetic variation in gametes is increased during ______.

Answer 17

meiosis

Question 18

What happens during telophase in mitosis?

Answer 18

The chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes reform.

Question 19

Multiple Choice: How many chromosomes does a human gamete contain? A) 23 B) 46 C) 22 D) 44

Answer 19

A) 23

Question 20

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 20

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and gene sequence.

Question 21

True or False: Cytokinesis occurs after both mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Answer 22

It ensures genetic diversity through recombination and independent assortment.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The process of ______ produces identical cells for tissue repair.

Answer 23

mitosis

Question 24

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Answer 24

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have one set.

Question 25

During which phase do the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes?

Answer 25

Prometaphase

Question 26

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Answer 26

An abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes.

Question 27

What is the original cell referred to in cell division?

Answer 27

Parent cell

Question 28

What is DNA tightly packed into?

Answer 28

Chromosomes

Question 29

What is 'unpacked' DNA called?

Answer 29

Chromatin

Question 30

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 30

23 pairs

Question 31

What do homologous chromosomes carry?

Answer 31

Different forms of the same genes (alleles)

Question 32

Define 'gene'.

Answer 32

The thing it's coding for

Question 33

Define 'allele'.

Answer 33

What's the code (e.g., eye colour)

Question 34

What are the phases of Interphase?

Answer 34

* G1 - prep cell for synthesis * S - duplicating DNA * G2 - prep cell for division

Question 35

What percentage of time does a cell spend in Interphase?

Answer 35

90%

Question 36

List the stages of Mitosis.

Answer 36

* Prophase * Metaphase * Anaphase * Telophase

Question 37

What is the result of Mitosis?

Answer 37

2 identical daughter cells

Question 38

What is Cytokinesis?

Answer 38

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 39

How does Cytokinesis occur in plants?

Answer 39

Cell plate forms between nuclei, which turns into cell wall

Question 40

How does Cytokinesis occur in animals?

Answer 40

Cleavage furrow forms

Question 41

What happens during Prophase?

Answer 41

* DNA duplicates * Chromatin condenses into chromosomes * Nuclear membrane breaks down * Centrioles move to opposite poles * Spindle fibers form

Question 42

What occurs during Metaphase?

Answer 42

Chromosomes line up in the middle to form 'metaphase plate'

Question 43

What is Amniocentesis?

Answer 43

Prenatal test (16 - 20 weeks) that samples amniotic fluid

Question 44

What is Chorionic Villi Sampling?

Answer 44

Tissue taken from chorion/placenta

Question 45

What is a Karyotype?

Answer 45

Picture of chromosomes arranged by size, shape, gene, etc.

Question 46

What does Non-Disjunction refer to?

Answer 46

Failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase of meiosis

Question 47

What is Monosomy?

Answer 47

Condition of having only one chromosome instead of a pair (2n = 45)

Question 48

What is Trisomy?

Answer 48

Condition of having an extra chromosome (2n = 47)

Question 49

What is an example of Trisomy?

Answer 49

* Down Syndrome (21) * Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) * Edwards Syndrome (18) * Patau Syndrome (13) * Trisomy X (XXX)

Question 50

What is Binary Fission?

Answer 50

Asexual reproduction in bacteria allowing rapid growth of identical populations

Question 51

What is Conjugation?

Answer 51

Process in bacteria where plasmids are transferred from one cell to another via pili

Question 52

What is Budding?

Answer 52

Asexual reproduction where a miniature version of the parent cell grows out from the parent cell

Question 53

What is Vegetative Reproduction?

Answer 53

Form of budding in plants

Question 54

What is Parthenogenesis?

Answer 54

Asexual reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into an adult

Question 55

What are Spores?

Answer 55

Asexual reproductive units that allow parents to disperse offspring over long distances

Question 56

What is meant by 'Alteration of Generations'?

Answer 56

The cycle between sporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid) generations

Question 57

What is Synapsis?

Answer 57

Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 58

What is Crossing Over?

Answer 58

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes for genetic variety