Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

exact same copy of cell (makes 2 daughter cells)

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

Makes 4 daughter cell with genetic variation

Question 3

chromatid

Answer 3

individual strand in chromosomes

Question 4

locus

Answer 4

the position on a chromosome where a gene resides

Question 5

cell cycle

Answer 5

entire cycle can be broken down into interphase or M phase

Question 6

stages of mitosis

Answer 6

1. prophase - chromosomes condense, centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles
2. pro metaphase (not as important) microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes
3. metaphase - chromosomes align in center of the cell, straight line
4. anaphase - sister chromatids become individual chromosomes when the centromeres split seperate and travel to opposite poles
5. telophase - nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes condense

Question 7

cytokinesis

Answer 7

pulling 2 separate daughter cells

Question 8

diploid cells

Answer 8

contain 2 sets of chromosomes one set inherited from each parent

Question 9

haploid

Answer 9

contain one set of chromosomes

Question 10

prophase of meiosis 1

Answer 10

1. chromosomes first become visible as thing threads, DNA replication is already complete
2. homologous chromosome continue to condense and undergo synapsis (gene to gene pairing)
3. when synapsis is complete each pair of homologous chromosomes forms bivalent. each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids
4. the chromosomes continue to shorten and thicken and the chiasmata between non sister chromatids become apparent
5. nuclear envelopes begins to break down (diversity)

Question 11

homologous pairs

Answer 11

have same genes along their length but version of gene might be different

Question 12

Meiosis 1

Answer 12

1. prophase 1 (later stage) chiasmata present
2. pro metaphase - spindles attach to kinetochores on chromosomes
3. metaphase - homologous pairs line up in center of cell, with bivalents, oriented randomly with respect to each other
4. anaphase 1 - homologous chromosomes separate but sisters do not.
5. telophase and cytokinesis - daughter cells are ready to move Ito prophase 2

Question 13

Meiosis 2

Answer 13

1. prophase - the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes condense
2. pro metaphase 2 - spindles attach to kinetochores on chromosomes
3. metaphase - chromosomes align in center of cell
4. anaphase - sister chromatids separate
5. telophase - cytokinesis the nuclear envelope reforms and cytoplasm divides

Question 14

crossing over

Answer 14

only in meiosis, homologous chromosomes swap pieces of DNA, important for variability