Mitosis

Question 1

What happens during Prophase?

Answer 1

Chromation fibres coil & condense = chromosomes.
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down.
Microtubules form Spindle Fibres, linking the poles of the cell and attach to centromeres on chromosomes

Question 2

What happens during Metaphase?

Answer 2

Spindle fibres move chromosomes to the centre of the metaphase plate along centre of the cell and hold them in position.

Question 3

What happens during Anaphase?

Answer 3

centromeres that hold the pairs of chromatids together divide; chromatids are separtated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell by shortening spindle fibres.

Question 4

What happens during Telophase?

Answer 4

Chromatids reach the poles (=chromosomes).
The 2 new sets of chromosomes assemble at each pole and the nuclear envelope reforms around them.
Chromosomes start to uncoil and nucleolus reforms

Question 5

What happens during Cytokinesis?

IN ANIMALS

Answer 5

A cleavage furrow forms around the middle of the cell
the cell-surface Membrane is Pulled Inwards by the Cytoskeleton until it is close enough to Fuse around the Middle forming 2 separate cells

Question 6

What happens during Cytokinesis?

IN PLANTS

Answer 6

Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus assemble where the metaphase plate was formed.
The vesicles fuse with each other and the cell surface membrane, dividing the cell into two.
New sections of the cell wall form along the new sections of membrane

Question 7

chromosome vs chromatid

Answer 7

During interphase, each chromosome is converted into two identical DNA molecules called chromatids.
Normally there is 1 chromatid per chromosome (I)
After replication but before miotic division there are 2 chromatids per chromosome (X).