Mitosis Flashcards
What is involved in prophase?
o Centrosome (and centrioles) replicate and migrate to opposite poles
o Nuclear membrane disassembles
o Spindle forms
o Chromatin condenses (forms chromosomes)
o Chromosome consists of 2 identical sister chromatids
o Nucleolus disappears
What is involved in metaphase?
o Centromere region of each chromosome is equipped with two kinetochores
o Kinetochores attached to centrosome by microtubules
o Chromosomes arranged on the metaphase plate
What is involved in anaphase?
o Cohesion proteins that hold sister chromatids together at the centromere are removed
o Sister chromatids separate to become two independent chromosomes
o Chromosomes are moved to opposite poles of the cell
What is meant by the term telophase?
o Chromosomes complete migration to respective chromosomes, or poles
o Spindle fibres disappear
o Chromosomes de condense
o Chromatin
o Nuclear membranes reappear around the two daughter nuclei
What is meant by the term mitosis?
A type of nuclear division that involves two daughter cells each having a nucleus containing the same kind and number of chromosomes as the mother cell. Each chromosome divides lengthways into two chromatids, which separate and form the chromosomes of the resulting daughter nuclei. The process is divided into four stages prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase which merge into each other. Mitotic divisions ensure that all the cells are genetically identical to each other and to the original fertilised egg.
What is meant by the term apoptosis?
The process of cell death that occurs naturally in a cell as part of normal development, maintenance and renewal of tissues within an organism. During embryonic development it plays a vital role in determining the final size and form of tissues and organs.
Differentiate between the terms growth and development:
Growth and development- an increase in size without a change in form, development involves a change in form.
