Mitosis Flashcards
What is DNA?
stores the information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them (also called deoxyribonucleic acid)
What is a chromosome?
Supercoiled, replicated DNA
What is a chromatid?
Half of a chromosome
What is a centromere?
What joins the two chromatids to make a chromosome
What is a diploid?
Two copies of each chromosome per cell
What is a haploid?
One copy of each chromosome per cell
What are homologous chromosomes?
A pair or chromosomes
What is interphase?
Most of the life of the cell; can’t see chromosomes
What is prophase?
Nuclear envelope dissolves; Chromosomes become visible
What is metaphase?
Centrioles move to each pole and chromosomes line up at the equator; spindle fibers connect to centromeres
What is anaphase?
Chromosomes separate
What is telophase?
Chromosomes at each pole; nuclear envelope reforms
What is cytokinesis?
The splitting of cytoplasm
What is the difference between cytokinesis in plants v. animals?
Plants-cell wall
Animals-cleavage furrow
What is the order if mitosis?
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (remember PMAT)
What is G1?
Growth phase 1; starts after cell division
What is S?
Synthesis phase; replication of genetic material occurs; starts after G1
What is G2?
Last step before mitosis; organelles are replicated
What is mitotic phase (M)?
Mitosis
What is a mutagen?
Something that causes genetic mutations
What is carcinogen?
A cancer causing substance
What is base pairing?
ATCG (A with T, C with G)
What is a nucleotide?
A building block of DNA
What is mitosis?
Cell division
