Mitosis

Question 1

How are cells Asexual reproductive

Answer 1

DNA is copied making two genetically identical cells (budding, fragmentation) through a process called mitosis

Question 2

Purpose of mitosis (cells dividing)

Answer 2

Growth: cell division increases the cell number, which increases the size of the organism

Repair: repair or replace dead cells

Reproduction: divide sexually or asexually to copy or pass on dna

Question 3

Histone

Answer 3

A structural protein that helps organize and package dna

Question 4

Nucleosome

Answer 4

A section of dna wrapped around histones

Question 5

Chromatins

Answer 5

DNA and proteins (histones) together in a less condensed form

Question 6

Chromatids

Answer 6

A Duplicated chromosome with the exact same DNA which held together by centromere, known as chromatid sisters

Question 7

What is a Centromere

Answer 7

A structure that holds sister chromatids together

Question 8

What are Chromosomes

Answer 8

Fully condensed and organized chromatins

Question 9

Chromosome stages

Answer 9

1) Chromatin: DNA and Histone that isn’t condensed before reproduction
2) Chromosomes: DNA and Histone condense during reproduction
3) chromatids: Chromosomes are duplicated forming two sisters chromatids
4) once reproduction is done and cells split it goes back to a chromatin

Question 10

Chromosomes purpose

Answer 10

Chromosomes contain segments of dna (genes) which have a particular trait, and these genes are inheritable

Chromosomes > gene > trait > inherited

Question 11

Chromosomes location

Answer 11

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus

Question 12

How many chromosomes do Diploid Cells have

Answer 12

Human cells (diploids) contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. One from the mother and one from the father, making a total of 46 strands of chromosomes

2n

Question 13

What are cells Haploids

Answer 13

Sex cells (egg and sperm) contain 23 chromosomes and are not in pairs only

n

Question 14

Interphase

Answer 14

• A cell spends 90% of its life here
• Cell repairs, energizes, grows, prepare for reproduction and copies DNA
• Three stages

Question 15

G1 (interphase stage 1)

Answer 15

• Grows in size
• Accumulates the building blocks (nucleotides, proteins, etc.) for chromosome duplication

Question 16

What happens to the cell in Synthesis (interphase stage 2)

Answer 16

DNA is replicated, forming a copy or it’s chromosomes (sister chromatids)

Question 17

G2 (interphase stage 3)

Answer 17

Restores energy and produces proteins needed for chromosomes manipulation

Question 18

Mitosis stages

Answer 18

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

(PMAT)

Question 19

Prophase

Answer 19

Chromosomes condense and the spindle forms.

• Chromatin condense, forming chromosomes,
• Centrioles (a structure that organizes the spindle fibers) move to both poles
• Nucleus and nuclear membrane disappears allowing the spindle fibers in

Question 20

Metaphase

Answer 20

Chromosomes align at the center.

• Spindle fibers attach to centromere of the sister chromatids
• the spindle fibers move the sister chromatids to the metaphase plate (middle)

Question 21

Anaphase

Answer 21

Sister chromatids are separated by..

• Spindle fibers are shorten, pulling the chromatids sisters apart, and to opposite poles.

Question 22

Telophase

Answer 22

Chromosomes de-condense, and new nuclei form by

• The sister chromatids, now chromosomes uncondense forming chromatins
  *Cell wall pinches inward
• the nucleus and nuclear membrane reappear

Question 23

Cytokinesis

Answer 23

Completes the cell division, by dividing the cell into two daughter cells

Human cell: A cleavage furrow forms in to middle of the parent cell, which pinches it inward and eventually splitting it into two daughter cells

Plant cells: A cell plate forms in the middle of the parent cell, and will eventually form as a cell wall