Mitosis Flashcards
1
Q
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
A
- interphase
- mitosis/ mitotic division
2
Q
What are the stages of mitosis?
A
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
3
Q
What happens during prophase?
A
- nuclear envelope disintegrates
- nucleolus disappears
- chromatins condense to form chromosomes
- centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle fibres form from them attaching to the centromere of the sister chromatids
- the sister chromatids begin to move to the middle
4
Q
What happens during metaphase?
A
- chromatids line along the metaphase plate/equator and are fixed in position
5
Q
What happens during anaphase?
A
- spindle fibres shorten and sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles of the cell
6
Q
What happens during telophase?
A
- chromosomes uncondense
- nucleolus forms again
- nuclear envelope forms
- spindle fibres disappear
- two nucleus at opposite poles
- cell surface membrane pinches inwards
7
Q
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
A
- a cleavage furrow forms around the middle of the cell
- the cytoskeleton pulls the membrane inwards until it is close enough to fuse and form two daughter cells
8
Q
Why can’t a cleavage furrow form in plant cells?
A
- plant cells have a cell wall
9
Q
What happens during cytokinesis in plant cells?
A
- vesicles from the Golgi body line up along the previous metaphase plate
- the vesicles fuse with each other and the cell surface membrane dividing the cell into two
- new sections of cell wall then form around the new sections of membrane
10
Q
Why is mitosis important?
A
- asexual reproduction
- growth
- to repair or replace damaged tissue
11
Q
Why is it essential that the sister chromatids are joined together by a centromere?
A
- so they can be precisely manoeuvred and equally separated into the two daughter cells
