Mitochondrial DNA

Question 1

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Answer 1

ATP by oxidative phosphorylation of ADP

Question 2

How is mitochondrial DNA inherited?

Answer 2

Maternally inherited

Question 3

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 3

2 membrane, inner membrane folds = cristae, matrix = space between folds

Question 4

Where does mitochondrial DNA come from?

Answer 4

Endosymbiosis: eukaryotes taking up prokaryotic mitochondrial DNA

Question 5

Which tissue are more affect by mitochondrial disease?

Answer 5

Causes most of the damage to the cells of brain, heart, liver, muscles, kidney, respiratory and the endocrine systems

Question 6

Describe maternal spindle transfer

Answer 6

begin with mother and donor egg, remove chromosomes from donor egg, replace with mothers chromosomes + sperm fertilised = healthy egg with mother and father nuclear DNA but donor egg mitochondrial DNA

Question 7

Outline pronuclear transfer

Answer 7

begin with mother and donor egg, fertilise both eggs, remove pronucleus from donor embryo, replace with mothers pronucleus

Question 8

How many mitochondrial genes are there?

Answer 8

37