Mitochondria A

Question 1

main energy source for cell

Answer 1

ATP, high energy bonds in ATP

adenosine- tri-phosphate

Question 2

production of ATP is required for

Answer 2

cell to function

Question 3

principal source of ATP in animals are ___ and ____

Answer 3

fatty acids

glucose

Question 4

the initial stages of glucose degradation occur in the

Answer 4

cytosol

Question 5

the terminal stages that involve oxygen occur in the _____ and are known as _____

Answer 5

mitochondria

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

what is the power plant of the cell?

Answer 6

mitochondria

Question 7

how did mitochondria evolve?

Answer 7

eukaryotic cells by endocytosis of bacteria that are capable of oxidaive phosphorylation

Question 8

endosymbiont hypothesis means that the inner membrane of mitochondria is derived from _____, while the outer membrane is derived from ____

Answer 8

bacteria

eukaryotic cell

Question 9

most cells contain mitochondria that can occupy up to _____% of cell volume

Answer 9

25

Question 10

the outer membrane is _____

the inner membrane is _____

Answer 10

semi-permeable

much less permeable

Question 11

which membrane contains most the the machinery for oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 11

inner membrane

Question 12

function of cristae?

Answer 12

Cristae are the infoldings in the inner membrane that greatly increase the surface area

Question 13

Where is the mitochondrial matrix located?

Answer 13

the central space of the mitochondria

Question 14

Mitochondria have their DNA located where?

Answer 14

in the matrix

Question 15

A majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in nucleus, these proteins are synthesized in cytosol and imported via ____ and _____

Answer 15

TOM and TIM complexes.

Question 16

TOM

Answer 16

tranlocase of outer membrane

Question 17

TIM

Answer 17

translocase of the inner membrane

Question 18

Transport through TOM is _____, while transport through TIM is _______.

Answer 18

passive

ATP-dependent

Question 19

Most of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded where?

Answer 19

in the nucleus

Question 20

The mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the _____

Answer 20

cytosol

Question 21

Mitochondria are very dynamic organelles that undergo constant _______.

Answer 21

fusion and fission

Question 22

Fusion role?

Answer 22

plays a key role in repairing damaged mitochondria

Question 23

Fission is required for ______.

Answer 23

mitophagy

Question 24

Fusion and fission are both dependent on _____

Answer 24

cellular GTPases:

Mfn and OPA1 (fusion),
and
Fis1 and Drp (fission).

Question 25

Most of the free energy released during oxidation of glucose is retained in the _______.

Answer 25

reducing coenzymes such as NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Question 26

During respiration in mitochondria, electrons are released from _____ and transferred to ____ to form ____.

Answer 26

NADH O2 H2O

Question 27

Electron transfer occurs across the _______ and is achieved by ______

Answer 27

inner membrane four major protein complexes that are embedded in the inner mitochondria membrane.

Question 28

What occurs during the electron transfer process?

Answer 28

protons from mitochondrial matrix are pumped across the inner membrane.

Question 29

The electron transport generates a _______.

Answer 29

proton concentration gradient

Question 30

Proton transport also generates an ______.

Answer 30

electric potential across the inner mitochondria membrane (more negative in matrix as compared to outside of mitochondria)

Question 31

the energy released from NADH is stored both as an ________

Answer 31

electric potential and a proton concentration gradient in mitochondria.

Question 32

The ________ is a major source of ATP (and energy) in animal cells.

Answer 32

ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) coupled to electron transfer from NADH

Question 33

____ and ____ is directly used to make ATP.

Answer 33

Proton gradient and electric potential