cilia A

Question 1

How proteins contribute to cilia?

Answer 1

over 1000

Question 2

The major domains of cilia

Answer 2

1. centriole/basal body
2. axoneme
3. transition zone
4. ciliary membrane
5. intraflagellar transport (IFT)

Question 3

Basal bodies are:

Answer 3

1. core anchors from which cilia are formed
2. microtubule rich cylinder shaped structures formed from nine triplet microtubules (A-B-C
   tubules)
3. 150-200 nm in diameter and 500 nm in length
4. polarized

Question 4

Basal bodies polarized structure is formed

Answer 4

beginning at the proximal-end and the distal-end is

responsible for nucleating the cilium.

Question 5

The axoneme is the _____ and provides _____

Answer 5

1. structural skeleton of the cilium
2. provide the tracks for movement within
   cilia.

Question 6

Axoneme is formed from

Answer 6

doublet microtubules (A-B tubules) that assemble from the A- and B-tubules of the basal body

Question 7

microtubules are

Answer 7

polar polymers and the plus-ends reside at the ciliary tip

Question 8

cilia length

Answer 8

range from less than a micron to tens of microns in the case of sperm flagella.

Question 9

the transition zone

links the:

Answer 9

basal body to the axoneme and to the ciliary membrane.

Question 10

The transition zone is considered the “gatekeeper” because

Answer 10

it limits the diffusion of membrane and

soluble proteins into and out of the cilium.

Question 11

This transition zone ensures that the ______

Answer 11

ciliary membrane is a distinct compartment for cellular signaling.

Question 12

Many proteins of the

transition zone, when absent or defective, are associated with _____

Answer 12

human ciliary diseases

ciliopathies

Question 13

The ciliary membrane

is continuous with ____.

Answer 13

the cellular plasma membrane

Question 14

the ciliary membrane is compartmentalized by the ______ so that it is a _______

Answer 14

transition zone

compositionally
distinct membrane with unique phospholipids and receptor molecules.

Question 15

Axonemes function as the ______.

Answer 15

highways or tracks within cilia

Question 16

Cargo is important for the

_______, and is transported along the axoneme by a mechanism called _______

Answer 16

assembly and maintenance of the cilium and for the movement of signaling components
within the cilium

intraflagellar transport (IFT)

Question 17

Cargo transport is

Answer 17

Transport is bidirectional with kinesin motors (Kinesin-2
family) and the IFT-B protein complex directing movement to the ciliary tip (anterograde
transport)

Question 18

retrograde transport occurs by ______.

Answer 18

cytoplasmic dynein 2 motor

driven transport with the IFT-A protein complex

Question 19

Both transport mechanisms are

required for ______

Answer 19

cilium formation and function

Question 20

2 phases of ciliogenesis:

Answer 20

1. centrioles/basal bodies are
   assembled
2. formation of the cilium.

Question 21

Basal bodies are derived

from ____

Answer 21

centrioles, cellular structures that organize the centrosome

Question 22

Centrioles interchange between their function _______.

Answer 22

at centrosomes to organize the cellular array of

cytoplasmic microtubules during interphase and mitosis

Question 23

Upon ciliogenesis, ______ functions as the basal body or anchor

Answer 23

the older of the two centrioles (the mother centriole)

Question 24

Centriole duplication occurs during the ____.

Answer 24

G1 to S-phase cell cycle boundary coincident

with DNA synthesis

Question 25

Many of the same molecular components required to ______.

Answer 25

initiate DNA replication also function in centriole replication

Question 26

ciliogenesis is tightly regulated to ______

Answer 26

limit replication to once-and-only-once during the cell | cycle.

Question 27

Where is a new centriole is assembled?

Answer 27

adjacent to the existing centriole.

Question 28

Of the two centrioles, the older centriole will become the _____

Answer 28

mother basal body in the subsequent G1 phase of the cell cycle

Question 29

Ciliogenesis normally occurs during ____ phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 29

G1 (or G0)

Question 30

Ciliogenesis occurs by assembling ______.

Answer 30

from the mother centriole (basal body) of the centriole pair

Question 31

ciliogenesis begins when the _______.

Answer 31

distal end of the basal body is capped by a “ciliary vesicle”.

Question 32

After the basal body is capped by a ciliary vesicle, what occurs nect?

Answer 32

Microtubule doublets then assemble into the ciliary vesicle before the entire structure fuses with the plasma membrane of the cell.

Question 33

terminally differentiated cells can nucleate | _____.

Answer 33

(sometimes 100s) of cilia per cell.

Question 34

if a terminally differentiated cell nucleates many cilia, then ______

Answer 34

additional mechanisms are | required to form the many basal bodies that are required for ciliogenesis in each cell.

Question 35

Basal body is ____ from the cell cycle and replication is _____

Answer 35

uncoupled | amplified

Question 36

Why is replication amplified?

Answer 36

to facilitate the multiple basal bodies required for ciliogenesis in multi-ciliated epithelial cells