Misuse, Abuse and Illicit Drugs

Question 1

What is the definition of misuse, abuse and illicit drug use

Answer 1

The use of substance/drug that is not intended to be used in the manner in which it is being used

Question 2

What is the Food and Drug Act for

Answer 2

Protect consumers from drugs that are contaminated, adulterated or unsafe for use

To address drugs that are labeled falsely and those with misleading or deceptive labeling

Question 3

What is the controlled drug and substances drug act for

Answer 3

Regulates the possession, sale, manufacture, disposal, production, import, export and distribution of certain drugs

Question 4

What is the job of the health Canada drug approval

Answer 4

Preclinical investigational drug studies, clinical investigational drug studies (4 phases)

Question 5

What are the 4 phases of clinical investigational drug studies

Answer 5

Phase 1: safety
Phase 2: effectiveness
Phase 3: duration
Phase 4: post-marketing studies

Question 6

What is the special access program

Answer 6

Access to drugs that are not yet approved, limited to those with serious or life threatening illnesses

Question 7

What are common drugs/substances for abuse

Answer 7

Alcohol, tobacco, sedative-hypnotics, stimulants, marijuana, hallucinogens, OTCs

Question 8

What are considered narcotics

Answer 8

Substances that bind to opiate receptors in the CNS and ANS

Question 9

What are the 3 categories of natural substances

Answer 9

Opium, Semi-synthetic and synthetic

Question 10

What drugs are classified as being an opium

Answer 10

Morphine and codeine

Question 11

What drugs are considered to be classified as semi-synthetic

Answer 11

Heroin

Question 12

What drugs are considered to be classified as synthetic

Answer 12

Meperidine, Dilaudid, percodan and percocet

Question 13

What is in percodan

Answer 13

oxycodone and aspirin

Question 14

What is in Percocet

Answer 14

Oxycodone and acetaminophen

Question 15

What happens in narcotic intoxication

Answer 15

euphoria, poor comprehension, memory disturbances, drowsiness, decreased social interactions, miosis/contraction of pupils, mild hypotension with tachycardia and decreased resps

Question 16

What is the toxic/od response

Answer 16

decreased loc, comatose, decreased resp, apnea, resp arrest, decreased heart rate, decreased bp, shock

Question 17

What is the problem with opioids

Answer 17

tolerance develops quickly

Question 18

How long does a narcotic withdrawal last

Answer 18

8-12 hours, at 48/72 hours is the peak
*NOT LIFE THREATENING

Question 19

What are signs and symptoms of narcotic withdrawal

Answer 19

Diarrhea, runny nose, constant yawning, insomnia, fatigue, tearing, perspiration, restlessness, irritability, stomach cramps, tremors

Question 20

Can you develop a tolerance to hallucinogens

Answer 20

No

Question 21

characteristics of hallucinogens

Answer 21

both CNS stimulant and depressant
psychedelics- mind manifesting
Psychotogenic- psychosis generating

Question 22

What happens with hallucinogens intoxication

Answer 22

Euphoria, perceptual alterations, increased sensory sensitivity, altered thought process, distractibility, hyper suggestibility, pupil dilation, poor coordination, tremors, nausea

Question 23

Signs and symptoms of psilocybin mushrooms

Answer 23

Euphoria, easily distracted, increased temp, pulse and bp, involuntary limb movement and hallucinations

Question 24

What does nutmeg-anticholinergics do

Answer 24

Distorts time and space, detach from reality and causes nausea, vomiting, headache and hangover

Question 25

Toxic OD repose of hallucinogen symptoms

Answer 25

Anxiety, panic, hypervigilence, paranoid delusions

Question 26

What are hallucinogens

Answer 26

Taken for psychic effects, no dependency, often not death from drug more from behaviour

Question 27

What happens in stimulant intoxication

Answer 27

Increased sensation of euphoria, increased energy + alertness, increased confidence, leads to hostile, violent behaviour

Question 27

What are the different kinds of stimulants

Answer 27

Cocaine, Amphetamines, caffeine, dexatroamphetamines, methamphetamines and methylphenidates

Question 28

What is cocaine created from

Answer 28

coca plant- used for pain and anesthesia

Question 29

What is Ritalin used for

Answer 29

treatment of hyperactivity in children
- Stimulants enhance the reticular activating system (helps to focus attention)

Question 30

What are the drug effects of nicotine

Answer 30

Increased heart rate and BP, constriction of peripheral blood vessels, lower oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin

Question 31

What are the side effects of nicotine

Answer 31

Coronary artery disease, bronchospasm and bronchoconstriction, paralysis of cilia, thickening of mucous, COPD or cancer

Question 31

What are the stimulant withdrawl symptoms

Answer 31

Severely depressed mood, prolonged sleep, apathy, irritability and disorientation

Question 32

What are uses for alcohol

Answer 32

Relax, reduce inhibitions, pleasure, rituals and celebrations

Question 33

What affects does alcohol have on the cerebrum

Answer 33

Judgement, inhibitions, reasoning

Question 34

What affects does alcohol have on the cerebral cortex

Answer 34

motor activity, mood

Question 35

What affects does alcohol have on the cerebellum

Answer 35

senses

Question 36

What affects does alcohol have on the medulla

Answer 36

seadtion

Question 37

What affects does alcohol have on the liver

Answer 37

metabolism alcohol dehydrogenase, fatty liver, alcohol hepatitis, cirrhosis

Question 38

How does alcohol get excreted

Answer 38

Urine, exhalation and sweat

Question 39

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 39

Alcohol interferes with ability to utilize vitamins, especially Vitamin b1, disorder affects memory (short term), memory becomes impaired if it is extreme is unable to function

Question 40

What occurs during a minor alcohol withdrawl

Answer 40

peaks at 24-36 hours
Coarse tremor, tachycardia, anxiety, mild autonomic hyperactivity and anorexia

Question 41

What occurs during major alcohol withdrawl

Answer 41

occurs at 24hrs peaks at 50hrs
pronounced ANS hyperactivity, fever, disorientation, diaphoresis, hallucinations

Question 42

What occurs during extreme alcohol withdrawls

Answer 42

Grand mal seizures (tonic/clonic)
Delirium tremors, profound confusion, incontience, visual hallucinations, gross tremors, fever

Question 43

What are the psychological effects of marijuana

Answer 43

perceptual, cognitive skills, appetite, amotivational syndrome, tolerance, psychological dependence

Question 44

History uses for marijuanna

Answer 44

Convulsions, chronic cough, sleeplessness, GI disorders, gonorhea, pain

Question 45

Marijuana signs and symptoms

Answer 45

reduces intraoccular pressure, nausea and vomiting, asthma (bronchodilator), appetite stimulant, muscle relaxant and chronic conditions

Question 46

What happens with marijuana withdrawal

Answer 46

no acute withdrawal, chonic users can experience irritability and sleeplessness

Question 47

Nursing responsibilities for illicit drugs

Answer 47

knowledgeable of drugs that are abused or misused is not a sign of approval, nurses have a moral imperative to build caring relationships with clients at their most vulnerable times