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PathoPharm Final Exam > Digestive Function > Flashcards

Digestive Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is vomiting

A

Forceful emptying of contents of stomach and intestine through the mouth

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2
Q

What are the causes of vomiting

A

ipecac in duodenum, severe pain, distention of stomach, trauma of ovaries, testes, uterus, bladder or kidney and activation of chemoreceptors

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3
Q

What is the vomiting center of the brain

A

medulla

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4
Q

what usually precedes vomiting

A

nausea

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5
Q

What is Retching

A

begins with deep inspiration usually followed by vomiting

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6
Q

What is projectile emesis

A

Similar to retching
not proceded by either nausea or retching

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7
Q

medications for nausea and vomiting

A

Antihistamine- dimenhydrinate (gravol), Diphenhydramine (benadryl
Neuroleptic- prochlorperazine (stemetil)
Pro-kinetic agents- metoclorpramide (maxeran)
Serotonin blockers- ondasteron (zofran) (best one to use, less side effects)
Anticolinergics- scopolamine (transdermal patch)
Tetrahydro cannabinoid- POT (dronabinol) (cant use too much it will cause nausea)

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8
Q

Nursing implications of nausea and vomiting

A

Assess complete nausea and vomiting history, assess medications, warn patient about severe drowsiness, do not use alcohol with it will cause CNS depression

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9
Q

What is constipation

A

Difficult or infrequent defecation

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10
Q

Potential causes for constipation

A

neurogenic disorders of large intestine, functional or mechanical disorders affected by weakness or pain (surgery), highly refined foods, lack of regular exercise, depression and anticholinergics

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11
Q

What are the 5 kinds of laxatives

A

Bulk forming (acute and chronic), emollient (acute and chronic), hyperosmotic (chronic), saline (removal of helmiths), stimulant 9acute)

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12
Q

What are the metabolic consequences

A

Fluid, electrolyte and acid base disturbances

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13
Q

Which 2 laxatives do not enter your body and go into your blood system

A

emolient and bulk forming

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14
Q

How do bulk forming laxatives work

A

absorbs water to increase bulk, distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity EX. Psyllium (will not work if fully blocked

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15
Q

How does emollient laxatives work

A

Stool softeners and lubricants, promote more water and fat in the stools

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16
Q

How does hyperosmotic laxatives work

A

increase fecal water content and distends the bowels (cleans you out)

17
Q

How does saline laxatives work

A

Increase osmotic pressure within the intestinal tract making more water enter the intestines

18
Q

How do stimulant laxatives work

A

increase peristalsis via intestinal nerve stimulation (will cause pain and cramping)

19
Q

What is the side effects of bulk forming laxatives

A

Impaction, fluid overload

20
Q

What are the side effects of emollient laxatives

A

Skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamins

21
Q

What are the side effects of hyperosmotic laxatives

A

abdominal bloating, rectal irritation

22
Q

What are the side effects of saline laxatives

A

magnesium toxicity, cramping, diarrhea, increased thirst

23
Q

what are the side effects of stimulant laxatives

A

Nutrient malabsorption, skin rashes, gastric irritation

24
Q

When does stool get hard when using laxatives

A

In the colon

25
Q

Nursing implications of laxatives

A

electrolyte imbalances, obtain history of symptoms, elimination patterns and allergies, no laxatives if nauseous, vomiting or abdominal pain

26
Q

What is diarrhea

A

increase in frequency of defecation and the fluidity and volume of feces

27
Q

What is the systemic effects of diarrhea

A

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis and weight loss

28
Q

if diarrhea is accompanied by fever, cramping pain and bloody stools indicate

A

IBS

29
Q

What is Steatorrhea

A

fat in stools

30
Q

What are the 4 antidiarrheal drugs

A

absorbents and bulk forming, antispasmodics, opiates, intestinal flora modifiers

31
Q

What do absorbant and bulk forming antidiarrheals do

A

Coat the walls of the GI tract

32
Q

What do intestinal flora modifier antidiarrheals do

A

creates unfavourable environment for overgrowth of fungi and bacteria

33
Q

What do opiate antidiarrheals do

A

decrease bowel motility and relieve rectal spasms, decreases transit time through the bowel so that more water and electrolytes can be absorbed

34
Q

What are the interactions with antidiarrheals

A

decrease the absorption of digoxin, clindamycin, quinidine and hypoglycaemia agents

35
Q

What are the 3 types of causes for abdominal pain

A

mechanical, inflammatory or ischemic

PathoPharm Final Exam (11 decks)

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