misconceptions of topic 2

Question 1

bond in between glycerol and fatty acid

Answer 1

ester bond

Question 2

difference between replication of DNA and transcription

Answer 2

• replication of DNA uses DNA nucleotides whereas transcrition uses RNA nucleotides
• replication of DNA produces double stranded DNA molecule whereas transciption produces single strand RNA molecule
• replication of DNA produces gentically identical copies whereas transciption produces complimentary copy
• replication of DNA uses DNA polymerase whereas transcription produces RNA polymerase

Question 3

state methods to determine is a person is obese

Answer 3

• BMI
• waist to hip ratio

Question 4

what is formed when several amino acid are joined

Answer 4

polypeptide chain and water

Question 5

name the type of inheritance when the genotype and phenotype of offsprings are diff but they are from the same parents

Answer 5

incomplete dominance

Question 6

how to know if a condition is caused by recessive alleles

Answer 6

if recessive alleles
the parents should not be affected by the condition but the childrens have the condition
if that is the case then the parents are hetrozygous

Question 7

how does vein realte to its structure

Answer 7

• large lumen: reduce resistance to blood flowing backwards
• thin layer to maintain pressure
• valves to prevent backflow
• smooth endothelium - reduce resistance to blood flow

Question 8

what does CFTR gene code for

Answer 8

Channel protein

Question 9

to find out which cardiac cycle is shown on a diagram

Answer 9

• look at which valve is open and which valve is closed
• AV valve is open and SL is closed during atrial systole
• SL valve is open and AV is closed during the ventricle systole
  -(USUALLY THE VALVE ON YOUR RIGHT HAND SIDE IS AV VALVE AND THE VALVE ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE IS SL VALVE)

Question 10

outside part of the artery is

Answer 10

collagen

Question 11

what does collagen do

Answer 11

provides structure, strength and support

Question 12

structure of glycogen

Answer 12

has 1-4 glycosidic bond
glycogen is only glucose molecles

Question 13

what molecules involved in cell recognition

Answer 13

glycoprotein

Question 14

difference between endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 14

endocytosis is substance entering in the formation of a vescicles and exocytosis is the substance leaving which involves vesicles fusing with the cell surface.

Question 15

similarities between endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 15

Endocytosis and exocytosis are both cellular processes and forms of active transport.

Question 16

why can not some molecules go though intact cell membrane

Answer 16

the molecules are too large and so there are no carrier or channel proteins for the molecules to go through and some molecules may be polar therefore repelled by the hydrophobic fatty acid

Question 17

genetic code

Answer 17

universal, degenerate and non overlapping

Question 18

universal means

Answer 18

each codons codes for the same amino acid

Question 19

degenerate

Answer 19

most amino acid codes for more the one codon

Question 20

non overlapping

Answer 20

each base in a sequence is only read once as we move along the strand

Question 21

1) base sequence
2)massive
3)helix
4)sugar phosphate backbone

Answer 21

1)stores genetic info
2) massive amount of genetic info stored
3)makes it compact
4)provides sustainability and protects base from mutation

Question 22

compare and contrast globular and fibrous

Answer 22

• both joined by peptide bonds
• both contain hydrogen, disuphide and ionic bonds

Globular proteins have hydrophobic groups on the outside whereas fibrous have hydrophillic
Globular are folded but fibrous are long chains
Globular has tertiary and quatnery structure whereas Fibrous has some or no tertiary structure.
Globular is soluble whereas fiborus is insoluble

Question 23

the adv of fluid mosaic model

Answer 23

fluid - can diffuse faster
proteins are more relatively to each other

Question 24

functions of proteins that occupy the plasma membrane

Answer 24

identify the foreign cell
cell recognition
enzymes
receptors
channel proteins

Question 25

factors that affect the fluidity of membranes

Answer 25

high temp - causes molecules to vibrate more

high proportions of saturated fatty acid - inc intermolecular forces

longer fatty acid length - less fluidity and more rigidity

Question 26

struc of amino acid

Answer 26

H H = O
N - C - C
H R OH

Question 28

when any qs involves cancer

Answer 28

always mention uncontrolled cell divison

Question 29

when any qs involves gas exchange

Answer 29

always linked to ficks law
directly proptional

Question 30

allele definition

Answer 30

they are diff versions of gene
found at sme loci on a chromosome

Question 31

definition of gene

Answer 31

sequence of DNA molecule that codes for amino acid in a polypeptide chain

Question 32

pre-implantation genetic disorder

Answer 32

diagnose disease before implantation of the embryo
IVF

Question 33

advs of pre implantaion genetic diagnosis

Answer 33

reduces the chances of having a baby with genetic disorder

Question 34

disadvs of preimplantaion genetic diagnosis

Answer 34

false results could provide incorrect info

Question 35

prenatal testing

Answer 35

involve screening unborn babies for genetic disorders
mainly girls a family history of genetic disorder

Question 36

2 types of prenatal testing

Answer 36

amniocentesis
chorionic villus sampling

Question 37

amniocentesis

Answer 37

15 - 20 weeks of pregnancy
sample of amniotic fluid ( fluid contains fetal cells, cells can be analysed as fluid contains dna )
1% of miscarriage
results 2-3 weeks after sample is taken
false results can provide incorrect info
can lead to abortion

Question 38

cvs

Answer 38

11 - 14 weeks
earlier decision than amniocentsis
sample of cells from chronic villi which also contains DNA that can be then anlaysed
1-2% risk of miscarriage
false results can provide incorrect info
can lead to abortion