Miscellanous Flashcards
Reiter’s syndrome (reactive arthritis)
Arthritis, urethritis, iritis
Post non-gonococcal infection
Wegener’s granulomatous
Small and medium sized vasculitis.
Kidney: rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (75%), leading to chronic kidney failure
Upper airway, eye and ear disease:
Nose: pain, stuffiness, nosebleeds, rhinitis, crusting, saddle-nose deformity due to a perforated septum
Ears: conductive hearing loss due to auditory tube dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss (unclear mechanism)
Oral cavity: strawberry gingivitis, underlying bone destruction with loosening of teeth, non-specific ulcerations throughout oral mucosa
Eyes: pseudotumours, scleritis, conjunctivitis, uveitis, episcleritis
Trachea: subglottal stenosis
Lungs: pulmonary nodules (referred to as “coin lesions”), infiltrates (often interpreted as pneumonia), cavitary lesions, pulmonary haemorrhage causing haemoptysis, and rarely bronchial stenosis.
Arthritis: Pain or swelling (60%), often initially diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis
Skin: nodules on the elbow, purpura, various others (see cutaneous vasculitis)
Nervous system: occasionally sensory neuropathy (10%) and rarely mononeuritis multiplex
Dressler’s syndrome
Secondary pericarditis occuring post injury to heart. Presents with fever, pericaritis, myalgia. ESR is raised
Systemic lupus erythematous
Presentation: malar rash, myalgia, prev spontaneous abortions
Associated with antiphospholipid syndrome
Diagnosis: ANA, dsDNA antibodies
DiGeorge syndrome
22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a disorder caused by a defect in chromosome 22. It results in the poor development of several body systems.
Medical problems commonly associated with DiGeorge syndrome include heart defects, poor immune system function, a cleft palate, complications related to low levels of calcium in the blood, and delayed development with behavioral and emotional problems.
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. Present as complication in 30% of patients with SLE. Associated with MI, recurrent miscarriage, DVT, stroke, pulmonary hypertension.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Paroxysmal tachycardia and syncope. Palpitations may cause anxiety leading to a misdiagnosis of panic disorder. Syncope suggests a non-psychological cause for the episodes, and should prompt further investigation.
The syndrome is caused by an additional conduction pathway between atrial and ventricular myocardium. ECG shows a short PR interval and a widened QRS complex due to the presence of a delta wave.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Classically associated with dementia, urinary incontinence and gait disturbance (apraxia: “glued-to-the-floor” sign).
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Acute neuropsychiatric reaction to severe thiamine deficiency. Characteristically patients are globally confused with gait ataxia and ophthalmoplegia (nystagmus, abducens palsy or conjugate gaze disorder all typical). All three elements of this triad need not be present in order to make diagnosis.
Meigs’ syndrome
triad of ascites, pleural effusion and benign ovarian tumor (fibroma, fibrothecoma, Brenner tumour and occasionally granulosa cell tumour).[1][2][3] It resolves after the resection of the tumor.
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS)
Genetic disorder due to loss of function of specific genes on chromosome 15. In newborns symptoms include weak muscles, poor feeding, and slow development. In childhood the person becomes constantly hungry which often leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Korsakoff syndrome
Chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B-1). Korsakoff syndrome is most commonly caused by alcohol misuse, but certain other conditions also can cause the syndrome
Charcot’s triad
Ascending cholangitis: jaundice, fever/rigors, RUQ pain
