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Internal Medicine > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilus influenza B

A

Common in infanthood
Cause meningitis, epiglottitis
Treatment: ceftriaxone

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2
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A

Present in more long term CF

Worse prognosis

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3
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Causes lung damage in CF

Difficult to clear as produces gel, ciliotoxins, and proteases to cleave immunoglobuins

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4
Q

Rabies

A

Hydrophobia, photophobia, areophobia, pyrexia

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5
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Watery diarrhoea

Cysts in stool samples
Treatment: metronidazole

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6
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Waterborne infection

20% mortality in pregnant women

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7
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 1

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis: temporal lobe, fever, headache, vomiting, seizures
Cold sores

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8
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 2

A

Genital herpes: painful, shallow ulcers

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9
Q

Epstein Barre virus

A

Glandular fever - infectious monocytosis, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, leukoplakia
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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10
Q

Candida albicans

A

Thrush, dysphagia
Vaginal thrush, in diabetics
Treatment: fluconazole

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11
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

Treatment: benzyl penicillin injections

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12
Q

Coxsackie A virus

A

Hand foot and mouth disease

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13
Q

Coxsackie B virus

A

Pericardial effusion

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14
Q

Measles

A

Coryza, fever, cough, Koplick spots (premolars), macular confluent rash beginning on face

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15
Q

Rotavirus

A

Watery gastroenteritis, vomiting, dehydration

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16
Q

TORCH infections

A

Toxoplasmosis
Others: listeria, syphilis, parovirus B19, varicella zoster
Rubella
CMV: microcephaly, seizures, neonatal jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, deafness and mental retardation
Herpes

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17
Q

Candidal intertrigo

A

Red, itchy pustular rash in skin folds

18
Q

Gardnerella

A

Bacterial vaginosis: thin, foul smelling vaginal discharge, irritating, increase pH
Treatment: metronidazole

19
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

Cat scratch disease: red papule, regional lymphadenopathy

20
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gonococcal urethitis: dysuria, reactive arthritis
Conjunctivitis: newborn in positive mother

Gram neg diplococci
Treatment: IM ceftriaxone and azithromycin

21
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lymes disease: tick bite, erythema migrans

22
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Atypical pneumonia: cold agglutinins, autohaemolytic anaemia, mild hepatitis, renal failure, erythema multiforme

Diagnosis: anti-mycoplasma antibodies

23
Q

E. coli

A

Bloody gastroenteritis
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome: hemolytic anaemia, renal failure

Gram neg bacilli

24
Q

Strept pyogenes (GAS)

A

Strept throat: sore throat, fever
Impetigo: skin infection, golden crusting
Necrotising fascilitis/cellulitis
Scarlet fever: fever, erythematous blanching rash
Rheumatic fever post infection: heart murmur, sore joints
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: haematuria, hypertension

Gram pos cocci, beta haemolytic

25
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus

A

Bronchiolitis: wheeze, cough

26
Q

Human herpesvirus-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma: in immunocompromised patients, blue-black raised lesions and well demarcated

27
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Legionaire’s disease: pneumonia, hyponatraemia

Serum antibody titre
Treatment: macrolide, ciprofloxacin

28
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Pseudomembranous colitis: watery diarrhoea, post abx therapy

Treatment: metronidazole

29
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Shingles: painful vesicles in dermatome distribution
Ramsey-Hunt syndrome (geniculate nucleus infection): acute facial paralysis, blisters in ear canal and ear
Post-herpetic neuralgia: amitryptiline for neuropathic pain

Treatment: aciclovir

30
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Dypnoea, dry cough, worse on exertion

31
Q

H. pylori

A

Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, gastric B cell lymphoma

Treatment: erythromycin, metronidazole, omeprazole

32
Q

Gram positive cocci

A

Staphlococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

33
Q

Gram positive bacilli

A

Bacilus anthrax
Listeria
Clostridium

34
Q

Gram negative diplococci

A

Neisseria

Moraxella catarrhalis

35
Q

Gram negative bacilli

A

Enterobacteriacea: E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus

36
Q

Acid fast

A

Mycobacteria: TB, bovis

37
Q

Obligate intracellular

A

Chlamydia

Rickettsiae

38
Q

No cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

39
Q

Spirochaete

A

Treponema pallidum

40
Q

Meningitis

A 
0-4wks
- GBS
- E. coli
- Listeria
- Klebsiella
Rx: ampicillin + cefotaxime +/- gentamicin IV
1-23 months
- GBS
- E. coli
- S. pneumoniae
- N. meningitidis
- H. influenxa
Rx: vancomycin + ceftriaxone IV
>2 yrs
- S. pneumoniae
- N. meningitidis
- Listeria (>50 yrs)
Rx: vancomycin + ceftriaxone IV (+ ampicillin for listeria)

Immunisation
- H. influenza, S pneumoniae, N. meningitidis

Contact prophylaxis: rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone

Complications
- headache, seizures, cerebral oedema, hydrocephalus, SIADH, deafness, death

41
Q

Encephalitis

A

Most commonly viral etiology

Rx: supportive care, IV acyclovir for HSV

42
Q

Generalised tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

  • painful spasms of masseters “lockjaw”
  • sustained contration of skeletal muscle with periodic painful muscle spasm
  • paralysis descend to involve large muscle groups
  • apnea, respiratory failure, contraction of pharyngeal muscles

Rx:

  • wound debridement and IV metronidazole
  • Neutralise unbound toxin with TIg

Prevention

  • clean wound, fully immunised = no treatment
  • clean wound, not fully immunised = tetanus vaccine
  • unclean wound, fully immunised, last vaccine >5 yrs = tetanus vaccine
  • unclean wound, not fully immunised = tetanus vaccine, TIg

Internal Medicine (12 decks)

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