Miscellaneous Protozoa Flashcards
What makes each member of the parasites discussed in this chapter similar? (Objective 7-11)
A. Presence of cilia
B. They are all unicellular.
C. All are intestinal protozoa.
D. Presence of tachyzoites
C. All are intestinal protozoa.
Which structure is always visible in the stained cyst and troph of Balantidium coli? (Objective 7-9A)
A. Macronucleus
B. Micronucleus
C. Cilia
D. Ingested bacteria
A. Macronucleus
The life cycle of Balantidium coli and clinical symptoms are similar to that of which of the following? (Objectives 7-11)
A. Isospora belli
B. Entamoeba histolytica
C. Crytosporidium parvum
D. Giardia intestinalis
B. Entamoeba histolytica
Which two factors play an important role in the prognosis of a Balantidum coli infection? (Objective 7-7A)
A. How infection occurred and duration of the infection
B. Presence of coinfection and duration of the infection
C. Severity of infection and response to treatment
D. Immunocompetent status and severity of infection
C. Severity of infection and response to treatment
All the following are highly recommended when processing samples for the identification of Isospora belli to ensure identification except: (Objective 7-8)
A. Iodine wet prep
B. Decreased microscope light level
C. Modified acid-fast stain
D. Saline wet prep
D. Saline wet prep
Which stage of reproduction is considered capable of initiating another infection of Isospora belli? (Objectives 7-5)
A. Sporozoites
B. Immature oocysts
C. Merozoites
D. Mature oocysts
D. Mature oocysts
Which of the following patients would be more likely to contract an infection with Isospora belli? (Objective 7-6)
A. HIV-positive man
B. Female leukemia patient
C. Pig farmer
D. Nursing home resident
A. HIV-positive man
Which genus of parasite is most similar to Sarcocystis based on morphologic similarities? (Objective 7-11)
A. Isospora
B. Blastocystis
C. Entamoeba
D. Toxoplasma
A. Isospora
How do humans become infected with Sarcocystis? (Objectives 7-5)
A. Ingestion of uncooked or undercooked beef or pork
B. Inhalation of oocysts
C. Ingestion of animal fecal contaminated food
D. More than one of the above: ________________ (specify)
A. Ingestion of uncooked or undercooked beef or pork
In addition to oocysts, these Sarcocystis morphologic forms may be seen in human samples: (Objective 7-5)
A. Packets of eggs
B. Single or double sporocysts
C. Clusters of cysts
D. Groups of sporoblasts
B. Single or double sporocysts
Which stage of reproduction is considered capable of autoinfection of Cryptosporidium? (Objectives 7-5)
A. Intact oocysts
B. Merozoites
C. Gametocytes
D. Sporozoites
A. Intact oocysts
The permanent stain of choice for the recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum is:(Objective 7-8)
A. Iron hematoxylin
B. Modifed acid-fast
C. Gram
D. Trichrome
B. Modifed acid-fast
All the following are recommended to prevent and control an outbreak of Cryptosporidium except: (Objective 7-7C)
A. Proper treatment of water supplies
B. Sterlize equipment using high heat.
C. Sterilize equipment using full-strength bleach.
D. Sterilize equipment using 5% to 10% household ammonia.
B. Sterlize equipment using high heat.
Which is the best screening method for the identification of Blastocystis hominis?(Objective 7-8)
A. Saline wet prep
B. Modified acid-fast stain
C. Iodine wet prep
D. Iron hematoxylin stain
C. Iodine wet prep
Blastocystis hominis is always considered as being responsible for clinical symptoms when present in human samples. (Objective 7-6)
A. True
B. False
B. False
Which of the following measures that when taken can prevent the spread of Blastocystis hominis? (Objective 7-7C)
A. Avoid swimming in potentially contaminated water.
B. Proper sewage treatment
C. Use insect repellent.
D. Avoid unprotected sex.
B. Proper sewage treatment
Diagnosis of Cyclospora can be accomplished by all the following except:(Objective 7-8)
A. Concentration with formalin fixative
B. Flotation methods
C. Modified acid-fast stain
D. Addition of 5% potassium dichromate
A. Concentration with formalin fixative
The clinical symptoms associated with Cyclospora infections in children are similar to those seen in cases of infection by which of the following?(Objectives 7-11)
A. Naegleria
B. Cryptosporidium
C. Leishmania
D. Balantidium
B. Cryptosporidium
The most important Cyclospora prevention step that can be taken is: (Objective 7-7C)
A. Proper water treatment
B. Wearing shoes when walking in sandy soil
C. Insecticide treatment of mosquito breeding areas
D. Thoroughly cooking beef and pork.
A. Proper water treatment
How do Microsporidia spores differ from other protozoan spores? (Objective 7-11)
A. Double outer wall
B. Extruding polar filaments
C. Cilia
D. Pseudopods
B. Extruding polar filaments
Of the following, which laboratory technique is required for species identification of Microsporidia? (Objective 7-8)
A. Giemsa-stained biopsy material
B. Electron microscopy
C. Fecal concentration
D. PAS stain
B. Electron microscopy
The life cycle of Microsporidia is a complex process in which both the infective and diagnostic stages are spores. (Objective 7-5)
A. True
B. False
A. True
All the following are morphologic forms in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii except: (Objectives 7-5)
A. Oocysts
B. Tachyzoites
C. Bradyzoites
D. Sporozoites
D. Sporozoites
Human infection of Toxoplasma is initiated in all the following ways except: (Objectives 7-5)
A. Accidental ingestion of rodent feces
B. Ingestion of contaminated undercooked meat from cattle, pigs, or sheep
C. Transplacental infection
D. Transfusion of contaminated blood
A. Accidental ingestion of rodent feces
In which geographic area would you be likely to find Toxoplasma gondii? (Objective 7-2)
A. Tropics
B. Africa
C. United States
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
What is the preferred method of diagnosis for Pneumocystis jiroveci? (Objective 7-8)
A. Histologic stain
B. Giemsa stain
C. Iron hematoxylin stain
D. Iodine wet prep
A. Histologic stain
Which of the following groups of individuals is considered at highest risk for contracting Pneumocystis jiroveci? (Objective 7-6)
A. Veterans
B. Active military personnel
C. Immunosuppressed individuals
D. Newborns
C. Immunosuppressed individuals
Pneumocystis jiroveci is believed to be spread via which of the following?(Objective 7-5)
A. Contaminated water
B. Mosquito bite
C. Person-to-person
D. Hand-to-mouth
C. Person-to-person
Specimen(s) of choice for Balantidium coli
Stool; Sigmoidoscopy material
Specimen(s) of choice for Isospora belli
Duodenal contents; Stool
Specimen(s) of choice for Sarcocystis
Stool
Specimen(s) of choice for Cryptosporidium parvum
Stool
Specimen(s) of choice for Blastocystis hominis
Stool
Specimen(s) of choice for Cyclospora cayetanensis
Stool
Possible invasion areas of Balantidium coli other than the intestine?
Liver, lungs, pleura, mesenteric nodes, and urogenital tract
Cat is associated with which parasite(s)?
Cat—Toxoplasma gondii
Pig is associated with which parasite(s)?
Pig—Balantidium coli, Isospora belli, Sarcocystis spp.
Cow is associated with which parasite(s)?
Cow—Isospora belli, Sarcocystis spp., Cryptosporidium (primarily in calves)
A saline wet prep is not recommended for which two parasites?
Isospora belli, Blastocystis hominis
Lung biopsies can aid in the identification of which parasites?
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Which of the following sporozoan oocysts do not contain sporocysts? (Objective 7-11)
A. Isospora
B. Cryptosporidium
C. Sarcocystis
D. Blastocystis
B. Cryptosporidium
The scientific name for sexual reproduction that occurs in select miscellaneous protozoa is: (Objective 7-1)
A. Sporogony
B. Erthyrocytic cycle
C. Gametogony
D. Binary fission
C. Gametogony
This parasite is recognizable because of the presence of two nuclei. Name that parasite! (Objective 7-9C)
A. Isospora belli
B. Balantidium coli
C. Sarcocystis spp.
D. Pneumocystis jiroveci
B. Balantidium coli
The presence of cilia sets this parasite apart from the other members of the miscellaneous protozoa. (Objective 7-11)
A. Cryptosporidium
B. Microsporidium
C. Cyclospora
D. Balatidium
D. Balatidium
This member of the other protozoa group is typically identified via serologic test methods. (Objective 7-8)
A. Blastocystis
B. Toxoplasma
C. Sarcocystis
D. Pneumocystis
B. Toxoplasma
