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PARA (review questions) > Miscellaneous Protozoa > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

What makes each member of the parasites discussed in this chapter similar? (Objective 7-11)
A.  Presence of cilia
B.  They are all unicellular.
C.  All are intestinal protozoa.
D.  Presence of tachyzoites

A

C.  All are intestinal protozoa.

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2
Q

Which  structure  is  always  visible  in  the  stained  cyst and troph of Balantidium coli? (Objective 7-9A)
A.  Macronucleus
B.  Micronucleus
C.  Cilia
D.  Ingested bacteria

A

A.  Macronucleus

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3
Q

The  life  cycle  of  Balantidium coli  and clinical  symptoms are similar to that of which of the following?  (Objectives 7-11)
A.  Isospora belli
B.  Entamoeba histolytica
C.  Crytosporidium parvum
D.  Giardia intestinalis

A

B.  Entamoeba histolytica

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4
Q

Which two factors play an important role in the prognosis of a Balantidum coli infection? (Objective 7-7A)
A.  How  infection  occurred  and  duration  of  the infection
B.  Presence  of  coinfection  and  duration  of  the infection
C.  Severity of infection and response to treatment
D.  Immunocompetent  status  and  severity  of infection

A

C.  Severity of infection and response to treatment

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5
Q

All the following are highly recommended when processing samples for the identification of Isospora belli to ensure identification except: (Objective 7-8)
A.  Iodine wet prep
B.  Decreased microscope light level
C.  Modified acid-fast stain
D.  Saline wet prep

A

D.  Saline wet prep

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6
Q

Which stage of reproduction is considered capable of initiating another infection of Isospora belli? (Objectives 7-5)
A.  Sporozoites
B.  Immature oocysts
C.  Merozoites
D.  Mature oocysts

A

D.  Mature oocysts

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7
Q

Which of the following patients would be more likely to contract an infection with Isospora belli? (Objective 7-6)
A.  HIV-positive man
B.  Female leukemia patient
C.  Pig farmer
D.  Nursing home resident

A

A.  HIV-positive man

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8
Q

Which genus of parasite is most similar to Sarcocystis based on morphologic similarities? (Objective 7-11)
A.  Isospora
B.  Blastocystis
C.  Entamoeba
D.  Toxoplasma

A

A.  Isospora

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9
Q

How do humans become infected with Sarcocystis? (Objectives 7-5)
A.  Ingestion  of  uncooked  or undercooked  beef  or pork
B.  Inhalation of oocysts
C.  Ingestion of animal fecal contaminated food
D.  More than one of the above: ________________ (specify)

A

A.  Ingestion  of  uncooked  or undercooked  beef  or pork

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10
Q

In addition to oocysts, these Sarcocystis morphologic forms may be seen in human samples: (Objective 7-5)
A.  Packets of eggs
B.  Single or double sporocysts
C.  Clusters of cysts
D.  Groups of sporoblasts

A

B.  Single or double sporocysts

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11
Q

Which stage of reproduction is considered capable of autoinfection of Cryptosporidium? (Objectives 7-5)
A.  Intact oocysts
B.  Merozoites
C.  Gametocytes
D.  Sporozoites

A

A.  Intact oocysts

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12
Q

The  permanent  stain  of  choice  for  the  recovery  of Cryptosporidium parvum is:(Objective 7-8)
A.  Iron hematoxylin
B.  Modifed acid-fast
C.  Gram
D.  Trichrome

A

B.  Modifed acid-fast

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13
Q

All  the  following  are  recommended  to prevent  and control  an  outbreak  of  Cryptosporidium  except: (Objective 7-7C)
A.  Proper treatment of water supplies
B.  Sterlize equipment using high heat.
C.  Sterilize equipment using full-strength bleach.
D.  Sterilize equipment using 5% to 10% household ammonia.

A

B.  Sterlize equipment using high heat.

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14
Q

Which is the best screening method for the identification of Blastocystis hominis?(Objective 7-8)
A.  Saline wet prep
B.  Modified acid-fast stain
C.  Iodine wet prep
D.  Iron hematoxylin stain

A

C.  Iodine wet prep

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15
Q

Blastocystis hominis  is  always  considered  as  being responsible  for  clinical symptoms  when  present  in human samples. (Objective 7-6)
A.  True
B.  False

A

B.  False

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16
Q

Which  of  the  following  measures  that  when  taken can  prevent  the  spread  of  Blastocystis hominis? (Objective 7-7C)
A.  Avoid  swimming  in  potentially contaminated water.
B.  Proper sewage treatment
C.  Use insect repellent.
D.  Avoid unprotected sex.

A

B.  Proper sewage treatment

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17
Q

Diagnosis of Cyclospora can be accomplished by all the following except:(Objective 7-8)
A.  Concentration with formalin fixative
B.  Flotation methods
C.  Modified acid-fast stain
D.  Addition of 5% potassium dichromate

A

A.  Concentration with formalin fixative

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18
Q

The  clinical  symptoms  associated  with  Cyclospora infections  in  children  are similar  to  those  seen  in cases of infection by which of the following?(Objectives 7-11)
A.  Naegleria
B.  Cryptosporidium
C.  Leishmania
D.  Balantidium

A

B.  Cryptosporidium

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19
Q

The most important Cyclospora prevention step that can be taken is: (Objective 7-7C)
A.  Proper water treatment
B.  Wearing shoes when walking in sandy soil
C.  Insecticide treatment of mosquito breeding areas
D.  Thoroughly cooking beef and pork.

A

A.  Proper water treatment

20
Q

How do Microsporidia spores differ from other protozoan spores? (Objective 7-11)
A.  Double outer wall
B.  Extruding polar filaments
C.  Cilia
D.  Pseudopods

A

B.  Extruding polar filaments

21
Q

Of  the  following,  which  laboratory  technique  is required  for  species  identification  of  Microsporidia? (Objective 7-8)
A.  Giemsa-stained biopsy material
B.  Electron microscopy
C.  Fecal concentration
D.  PAS stain

A

B.  Electron microscopy

22
Q

The life cycle of Microsporidia is a complex process in which  both  the  infective  and  diagnostic  stages  are spores. (Objective 7-5)
A.  True
B.  False

A

A.  True

23
Q

All  the  following  are  morphologic  forms  in  the  life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii except: (Objectives 7-5)
A.  Oocysts
B.  Tachyzoites
C.  Bradyzoites
D.  Sporozoites

A

D.  Sporozoites

24
Q

Human infection of Toxoplasma is initiated in all the following ways except: (Objectives 7-5)
A.  Accidental ingestion of rodent feces
B.  Ingestion  of  contaminated undercooked  meat from cattle, pigs, or sheep
C.  Transplacental infection
D.  Transfusion of contaminated blood

A

A.  Accidental ingestion of rodent feces

25
Q

In which geographic area would you be likely to find Toxoplasma gondii? (Objective 7-2)
A.  Tropics
B.  Africa
C.  United States
D.  All of the above

A

D.  All of the above

26
Q

What is the preferred method of diagnosis for Pneumocystis jiroveci? (Objective 7-8)
A.  Histologic stain
B.  Giemsa stain
C.  Iron hematoxylin stain
D.  Iodine wet prep

A

A.  Histologic stain

27
Q

Which of the following groups of individuals is considered at highest risk for contracting Pneumocystis jiroveci? (Objective 7-6)
A.  Veterans
B.  Active military personnel
C.  Immunosuppressed individuals
D.  Newborns

A

C.  Immunosuppressed individuals

28
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci  is  believed  to  be  spread  via which of the following?(Objective 7-5)
A.  Contaminated water
B.  Mosquito bite
C.  Person-to-person
D.  Hand-to-mouth

A

C.  Person-to-person

29
Q

Specimen(s) of choice for Balantidium coli

A

Stool; Sigmoidoscopy material

30
Q

Specimen(s) of choice for Isospora belli

A

Duodenal contents; Stool

31
Q

Specimen(s) of choice for Sarcocystis

A

Stool

32
Q

Specimen(s) of choice for Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Stool

33
Q

Specimen(s) of choice for Blastocystis hominis

A

Stool

34
Q

Specimen(s) of choice for Cyclospora cayetanensis

A

Stool

35
Q

Possible invasion areas of Balantidium coli other than the intestine?

A

Liver, lungs, pleura, mesenteric nodes, and urogenital tract

36
Q

Cat is associated with which parasite(s)?

A

Cat—Toxoplasma gondii

37
Q

Pig is associated with which parasite(s)?

A

Pig—Balantidium coli, Isospora belli, Sarcocystis spp.

38
Q

Cow is associated with which parasite(s)?

A

Cow—Isospora belli, Sarcocystis spp., Cryptosporidium (primarily in calves)

39
Q

A saline wet prep is not recommended for which two parasites?

A

Isospora belli, Blastocystis hominis

40
Q

Lung biopsies can aid in the identification of which parasites?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

41
Q

Which of the following sporozoan oocysts do not contain sporocysts? (Objective 7-11)
A. Isospora
B. Cryptosporidium
C. Sarcocystis
D. Blastocystis

A

B. Cryptosporidium

42
Q

The scientific name for sexual reproduction that occurs in select miscellaneous protozoa is: (Objective 7-1)
A. Sporogony
B. Erthyrocytic cycle
C. Gametogony
D. Binary fission

A

C. Gametogony

43
Q

This parasite is recognizable because of the presence of two nuclei. Name that parasite! (Objective 7-9C)
A. Isospora belli
B. Balantidium coli
C. Sarcocystis spp.
D. Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

B. Balantidium coli

44
Q

The presence of cilia sets this parasite apart from the other members of the miscellaneous protozoa. (Objective 7-11)
A. Cryptosporidium
B. Microsporidium
C. Cyclospora
D. Balatidium

A

D. Balatidium

45
Q

This member of the other protozoa group is typically identified via serologic test methods. (Objective 7-8)
A. Blastocystis
B. Toxoplasma
C. Sarcocystis
D. Pneumocystis

A

B. Toxoplasma

PARA (review questions) (3 decks)

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