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PARA (review questions) > Flagellates > Flashcards

Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

All flagellate life cycles possess trophozoite and cystmorphologic forms. (Objectives 4-5A and 4-5B)
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

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2
Q

This flagellate morphologic structure is often not visible under microscopic examination. (Objective 4-9A)
A. Undulating membrane
B. Pseudopods
C. Flagella
D. Axostyle

A

C. Flagella

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3
Q

The presence of nonpathogenic flagellates is important because it suggests that: (Objective 4-5A)
A. The patient will develop clinical signs and
symptoms.
B. Only cyst forms will be recovered in corresponding patient samples.
C. The parasites will invade multiple organ systems in the body.
D. Contaminated food or drink was consumed by the patient.

A

D. Contaminated food or drink was consumed by the patient.

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4
Q

The proposed function(s) of the median bodies seen in G. intestinalis is (are) which of the following?
(Objective 4-9 B)
A. Support
B. Energy
C. Metabolism
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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5
Q

Which specimen type and collection regimen would be most appropriate for the diagnosis of G. intestinalis? (Objective 4-8)
A. One stool sample
B. Two stool samples
C. Multiple stool samples collected on subsequent days
D. One stool sample and one blood sample

A

C. Multiple stool samples collected on subsequent days

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6
Q

G. intestinalis trophozoites attach to the mucosa of the duodenum and feed with the assistance of this morphologic structure. (Objective 4-9B)
A. Sucking disk
B. Axostyle
C. Axoneme
D. Nucleus

A

A. Sucking disk

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7
Q

Individuals become infected with G. intestinalis by which of the following? (Objective 4-5C)
A. Swimming in contaminated water
B. Ingesting contaminated food or drink
C. Inhalation of infective cysts
D. Walking barefoot on contaminated soil

A

B. Ingesting contaminated food or drink

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8
Q

Individuals at risk for contracting G. intestinalis when camping and hiking are encouraged to take which of these steps to prevent infection? (Objective 4-7C)
A. Treat potentially infected water with a doublestrength saturated saline solution prior to consuming.
B. Use only bottled water for drinking, cooking & appropriate personal hygiene.
C. Avoid swimming in contaminated water.
D. Wear shoes at all times.

A

B. Use only bottled water for drinking, cooking & appropriate personal hygiene.

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9
Q

Which of the following are key morphologic characteristics of C. mesnili? (Objective 4-9A)
A. Round and four to eight nuclei
B. Oval and presence of a cytosome
C. Round and presence of an axoneme
D. Lemon-shaped and presence of a cytosome

A

D. Lemon-shaped and presence of a cytosome

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10
Q

A liquid stool is the specimen of choice for the recovery of which of these morphologic forms of C. mesnili? (Objective 4-8)
A. Trophozoites only
B. Cysts only
C. Trophozoites and cysts

A

A. Trophozoites only

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11
Q

A flagellate trophozoite that could be described as 9 to 12 µm with one or two nuclei, each with four symmetrically positioned chromatin granules and vacuoles containing bacteria in the cytoplasm, would most likely be which of the following? (Objective 4-9C)
A. Giardia intestinalis
B. Dientamoeba fragilis
C. Chilomastix mesnilli
D. Blastocystis hominis

A

B. Dientamoeba fragilis

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12
Q

The permanent stain of choice for observing the nuclear features of D. fragilis is which of the following? (Objective 4-12)
A. Trichrome
B. Iodine
C. Saline
D. Iron hematoxylin

A

D. Iron hematoxylin

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13
Q

The specimen of choice for the recovery of T. hominis is which of the following? (Objective 4-8)
A. Stool
B. Urine
C. Intestinal contents
D. Gastric contents

A

A. Stool

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14
Q

Trichomonas hominis can be transmitted by which of the following? (Objective 4-5C)
A. Contaminated milk
B. Bite of an infected mosquito
C. Ingestion of an embryonated ovum
D. Ingestion of undercooked meat

A

A. Contaminated milk

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15
Q

When E. hominis cysts contain more than one nuclei, where do they tend to be positioned within the cytoplasm? (Objective 4-9A)
A. Center
B. Around the periphery of the organism
C. At opposite ends of the cell
D. Throughout the organism

A

C. At opposite ends of the cell

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16
Q

Treatment is always indicated for patients when E. hominis is present on parasite examination. (Objective 4-7B)
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

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17
Q

The traditional technique and specimen of choice for identifying Retortamonas intestinalis is which of the following? (Objectives 4-8 and 4-12)
A. Permanently stained blood
B. Iodine prep of urine
C. Saline prep of bronchial wash
D. Permanently stained stool

A

D. Permanently stained stool

18
Q

Individuals contract R. intestinalis by which of the following? (Objective 4-5C)
A. Ingesting infective cysts in contaminated food or drink
B. Consuming trophozoites in contaminated beverages
C. Stepping barefoot on infective soil
D. Inhaling infective dust particles

A

A. Ingesting infective cysts in contaminated food or drink

19
Q

How far down the body length does the Trichomonas tenax undulating membrane extend? (Objective 4-9A)
A. One fourth
B. One half
C. Three fourths
D. Full body

A

C. Three fourths

20
Q

The specimen of choice for the recovery of Trichomonas tenax is which of the following? (Objective 4-8)
A. Stool
B. Urine
C. Mouth scrapings
D. Cerebrospinal fluid

A

C. Mouth scrapings

21
Q

This prominent structure found in T. vaginalis trophozoites that often extends beyond the body provides the parasite with support. (Objective 4-9A)
A. Nucleus
B. Axostyle
C. Axoneme
D. Granule

A

B. Axostyle

22
Q

The cyst morphologic form is not known to exist in the life cycle of T. vaginalis. (Objective 4-5C)
A. True
B. False

A

A. True

23
Q

T. vaginalis may be recovered in which of the following specimen types? (Objective 4-8)
A. Spun urine
B. Vaginal discharge
C. Stool
D. Urethral discharge
E. More than one of the above: ____________
(specify)

A

A. Spun urine
B. Vaginal discharge
C. Stool
D. Urethral discharge

24
Q

All cases of T. vaginalis infection result in symptomatic vaginitis in women and urethritis in men. (Objectives 4-6 and 4-7)
A. True
B. False

A

B. False

25
Q

Infant infections with T. vaginalis tend to affect which of the following of these body areas? (Objective 4-6)
A. Respiratory and genital
B. Genital and intestinal
C. Intestinal and eye
D. Respiratory and eye

A

D. Respiratory and eye

26
Q

Transmitted by helminth ova

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

27
Q

Specimen of choice is a mouth scraping

A

Trichomonas tenax

28
Q

Trophozoite has a ventrally located sucking disc

A

Giardia intestinalis

29
Q

Fibrils form a characteristic bird’s beak

A

Retortamonas intestinalis

30
Q

Lemon-shaped cyst

A

Chilomastix mesnili

31
Q

Specimen of choice can be a urethral swab

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

32
Q

Which of the flagellates is(are) considered to be sexually transmitted infections?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

33
Q

Which of the flagellates are commonly found in the United States?

A

all flagellates can found in US

34
Q

Which of the flagellates can cause gastrointestinal distress?

A

Giardia intestinalis
Dientamoeba fragilis

35
Q

intracellular portion of the flagellum

A

Axoneme

36
Q

rodlike support structure found in some flagellates

A

Axostyle

37
Q

rodlike structure located at the base of the undulating membrane. It is located between the undulating membrane and the body of some flagellates, connecting the two structures.
It may also aid in supporting the undulating membrane

A

Costa

38
Q

rudimentary mouth

A

Cytosome

39
Q

comma-shaped structures located in the posterior end of Giardia intestinalis trophozoites and cysts; believed to be associated with energy and metabolism or with supporting the organism’s posterior end. Their exact function is unclear

A

Median bodies

40
Q

finlike structure connected to the outer edge of some flagellates; aids in the organism’s locomotion, moving in a wavelike pattern

A

Undulating membrane

41
Q

An infection caused by which of the flagellates can be a result of poor oral hygiene?

A

Trichomonas tenax

42
Q

Which of the flagellates can be contracted by ingesting the cyst form of the organism?

A

Giardia intestinalis,
Chilomastix mesnili,
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis

PARA (review questions) (3 decks)

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