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PARA (review questions) > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

The cestode morphologic form characterized by a segmented appearance that houses male and female reproductive structures is referred to as a(an): (Objective 10-1)
A. Scolex
B. Proglottid
C. Egg
D. Cyst

A

B. Proglottid

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2
Q

Characteristics of the cestodes include all the following except: (Objective 10-9)
A. They are hermaphroditic.
B. They generally require intermediate host(s).
C. Their laboratory diagnosis consists of finding larvae in feces.
D. Their anatomic regions include the scolex, neck, and strobila

A

C. Their laboratory diagnosis consists of finding
larvae in feces.

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3
Q

A persistent cough, localized pain, and liver and lung involvement are associated with an infection with which of the following cestodes? (Objective 10 6)
A. Diphyllobothrium latum
B. Echinococcus granulosus
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

A

B. Echinococcus granulosus

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4
Q

Which of the following are key distinguishing factors in differentiating an infection between T. saginata and T. solium? (Objective 10-9)
A. Egg morphology and number of uterine branches in proglottid
B. Presence of hooklets on scolex and egg morphology
C. Presence of hooklets and number of uterine branches in proglottid
D. Egg morphology and presence of suckers on scolex

A

C. Presence of hooklets and number of uterine branches in proglottid

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5
Q

The primary means of developing an intestinal infection with Taenia spp. is via which of the following? (Objective 10-5)
A. Skin penetration of larvae
B. Ingestion of raw or poorly cooked meat
C. Egg consumption
D. Drinking contaminated water

A

B. Ingestion of raw or poorly cooked meat

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6
Q

Which is the preferred drug for treating intestinal infection by Taenia spp.? (Objective 10-7)
A. Praziquantel
B. Penicillin
C. Nicolasamide
D. Pentamidine

A

A. Praziquantel

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7
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of an H. diminuta egg? (Objective 10-10A)
A. Spherical, with radial striations
B. Ellipsoid, with terminal polar plugs
C. Oval, with thin shell and polar filaments
D. Oval, with polar thickenings and no filaments

A

D. Oval, with polar thickenings and no filaments

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8
Q

The infective stage of H. diminuta for humans is which of the following? (Objective 10-5)
A. Rhabditiform larva
B. Cysticeroid larva
C. Embryonated egg
D. Encysted form

A

B. Cysticeroid larva

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9
Q

Prevention and control measures against H. diminuta include all except which of the following? (Objective 10-7B)
A. Vaccination program
B. Effective rodent control
C. Inspection of food prior to consumption
D. Protection of food from rodents

A

A. Vaccination program

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10
Q

A primary differential feature between an H. nana egg and H. diminuta egg is which of the following? (Objective 10-9)
A. A flattened side for H. diminuta egg
B. A thick shell for H. nana egg
C. Polar filaments in H. nana egg
D. Radial striations in H. diminuta egg

A

C. Polar filaments in H. nana egg

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11
Q

The characteristic of the life cycle of H. nana that differentiates it from the other cestodes is which of the following? (Objective 10-9)
A. Lack of an intermediate host.
B. Infective larval stage.
C. Need for external environment
D. Larval passage through the lungs

A

A. Lack of an intermediate host.

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12
Q

Which of the following does not apply to H. nana? (Objectives 10-3, 10-6, 10-7A, 10-7B)
A. Dwarf tapeworm
B. Steatorrhea
C. Proper hygiene and sanitation procedures
D. Praziquantel therapy

A

B. Steatorrhea

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13
Q

A unique characteristic of Dipylidium caninum is which of the following? (Objective 10-10A)
A. Lack of suckers on the scolex
B. Formation of egg packets
C. Proglottid resemblance to Taenia solium
D. Alternation of female and male proglottids

A

B. Formation of egg packets

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14
Q

A 2-year-old girl and her pet dog were diagnosed with D. caninum infection. This infection was acquired by which of the following? (Objective 10-5)
A. Ingestion of the parasite’s egg
B. Penetration of soil larva
C. Ingestion of a flea
D. Consumption of poorly cooked beef

A

C. Ingestion of a flea

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15
Q

Prevention and control measures to prevent D. caninum infection include all except which of the following? (Objective 10-7B)
A. Treat dog and cat pets to prevent fleas.
B. Warn children against dog and cat licks.
C. Deworm dog and cat pets, as needed.
D. Neuter dog and cat pets.

A

D. Neuter dog and cat pets.

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16
Q

The egg of D. latum is unique among the cestodes in that it contains which of the following? (Objective 10-10A)
A. An operculum and terminal knob
B. Radial striations and oncosphere
C. An operculum and lateral spine
D. A ciliated rhabditiform larva

A

A. An operculum and terminal knob

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17
Q

Which of the following associations is correct for D. latum? (Objective 10-5)
A. Snail-coracidium
B. Copepod-procercoid
C. Fish-cysticercus
D. Beetle-pleurocercoid

A

B. Copepod-procercoid

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18
Q

The primary pathology associated with a D. latum infection is which of the following (Objective 10-6)
A. Eosinophilic pneumonitis
B. Vitamin D deficiency
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Fat malabsorption

A

C. Vitamin B12 deficiency

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19
Q

Which of the following procedures would not be appropriate for diagnosing an infection with Echinococcus granulosus? (Objective 10-8)
A. Serologic procedure, such as ELISA
B. O&P examination of stool specimen
C. CT scan of suspect organ
D. Biopsy of cyst

A

B. O&P examination of stool specimen

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20
Q

In humans, Echinococcus granulosus infection results in which of the following? (Objective 10-5)
A. Eggs similar to those of H. nana
B. A nutritional deficiency
C. A hydatid cyst
D. Filariform larva

A

C. A hydatid cyst

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21
Q

Which of the following is not a usual site for Echinococcus granulosus infection in humans? (Objective 10-8)
A. Brain
B. Liver
C. Lung
D. Genitalia

A

D. Genitalia

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22
Q

Contains both male and female organs

A

Hermaphroditic

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23
Q

Head of a tapeworm

A

Scolex

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24
Q

Acquired from animals

A

Zoonotic

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25
Q

Hexacanth embryo

A

Oncosphere

26
Q

Larval form of Taenia spp.

A

Cysticerus

27
Q

Smaller cyst within a hydatid cyst

A

Brood capsule

28
Q

Series of proglottids

A

Strobila

29
Q

Segment of a tapeworm

A

Proglottid

30
Q

Free-swimming larva of D. latum

A

Coracidium

31
Q

Develops from a procercoid larva

A

Sparaganosis

32
Q

Taenia saginata

A

Beef tapeworm

33
Q

Dipylidium caninum

A

Dog and cat tapeworm; pumpkin seed tapeworm

34
Q

Hymenolepis nana

A

Dwarf tapeworm

35
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Fish tapeworm

36
Q

Taenia solium

A

Pork tapeworm

37
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid tapeworm; dog tapeworm, less commonly

38
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

A

Rat tapeworm

39
Q

In what parts of the world is Diphyllobothrium latum endemic?

A

Great Lakes region; parts of South America, Asia; Central Africa; Baltic region; Finland

40
Q

What is the pathology most commonly associated with Diphyllobothrium latum ?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

41
Q

What is the pathology most commonly
associated with Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Cyst development in various organs

42
Q

Infective stage of Taenia saginata

A

Cysticercus

43
Q

Infective stage of Dipylidium caninum

A

Cysticercoid larva (in flea)

44
Q

Infective stage of Hymenolepis nana

A

Egg

45
Q

Infective stage of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Plerocercoid

46
Q

Infective stage of Taenia solium

A

Cysticercus

47
Q

Infective stage of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Egg

48
Q

Infective stage of Hymenolepis diminuta

A

Cysticercoid larva (in beetle or flea)

49
Q

What is the specimen of choice for the laboratory diagnosis of the following:
Taenia saginata
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Diphyllobothrium latum
Taenia solium
Hymenolepis diminuta

A

Stool

50
Q

What is the specimen of choice for the laboratory diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Serum specimen for serology or biopsy

51
Q

Four suckers and no hooks

A

Taenia saginata

52
Q

Four suckers and rows of tiny hooklike spines

A

Dipylidium caninum

53
Q

Four suckers and short rostellum with one row of hooks

A

Hymenolepis nana

54
Q

Lateral sucking grooves

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

55
Q

Four suckers with two rows of hooks

A

Taenia solium

56
Q

Four suckers and up to 36 hooks

A

Echinococcus granulosus

57
Q

Four suckers and rostellum with no hooks

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

58
Q

Differentiate the proglottids of Taenia sagninata and Taenia solium.

A

Taenia saginata proglottids have 15 to 30 lateral uterine branches, whereas Taenia solium has less than 15 lateral uterine branches.

59
Q

A 30-year-old recent immigrant from Mexico, living in Colorado, presented to the Hispanic Health Clinic after experiencing a seizure at his worksite His history revealed numerous headaches for several weeks. The basic neurologic examination was normal; however, fearing a malignancy, the physician ordered a CT scan. Calcified lesions were noted. A biopsy revealed a parasitic infection. What organism is suspected?

A

Taenia solium

60
Q

A 55-year-old man and his family had returned to the United States after a visit to his native Finland. While there, he enjoyed fishing and cooking the fish over an open fire. After his return, he visited his physician with complaints of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and some cramping. Bacterial culture of a stool specimen was negative for enteric pathogens. However, the microscopic O&P examination revealed several large, oval, operculated eggs. With this brief history, which tapeworm is suspected?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

PARA (review questions) (3 decks)

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