Miscellaneous MCQ facts Flashcards
Where does midazolam act?
GABAa receptors
Order of strength of bonds (strong to weak)
Ionic-covalent-hydrogen-van de waals
CSHT reflects what combined effects
distribution and metabolism
In infusion kinetics, how do you calculate maintenance does?
STeady state concentration x clearance
IN infusion kinetics, how is clearance calculated?
Input=elimintation
So input is also equal to clearance x plasma conc,
so
Clearance = input/plasma
What does CYP3A4 metabolise
midazolam and alfentanil
What does CYP2E1 metabolise
paracetamol
fluoride containing volatile agents
WHich phase reaction do CYP450 do?
phase 1
Lignocaine ER?
> 0.7 (flow limited)
Examples of enzyme limited drugs
Phenytoin, theophylline, benzos, warfarin
What is sodium nitrprusside
Prodrug that reacts with sulfhydryl containing molecurles through a single electron transfer mechanism to produce S-nitrosothiol, decomposes to form NO.
NO then binds to and activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, decreasing calcium-> smooth muscle relaxation
S/E of SNP
-Cyanide toxicity (has 5 cyanide moities for every NO)
-metabolic acidosis
-WOrsens A-A difference
- Reverses hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Examples of drugs that reduce IOP?
etomidate, thiopental
Drugs that should be avoided in MAOIs
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Ephedrine
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine
Dopamine
Dopexamine
Dexamfetamine
Pethidine.
Examples of prokinetics
erythromycin, metoclopramide. cisapride
Which local anaesthetics are amino amides?
Lidocaine
bupivicaine
Ropivicaine
Prilocaine
Levobupivicaine
Mepivacaine
Which LA are amino esters
Chloroprocaine
Procaine
Articaine
Tetracaine
oculocardiac reflex pathway
afferent- parasympathetic fibres of ciliary nerves + opthalmic nerve from the gasserian ganglion
efferent-adjacent nucleous ambigous
How does lithium affect NMB/?
Interacts with calcium reuptake in the presynaptic termina;
What affects the liklihood of LA toxicity?
Site of injection (vascularity and presence of fat)
Drug dose/conc
Use of vasoconstrictors
CHanges in protein binding in relation to intracellular pH
REversal of dexmedetomidine
Atipamezole
WHat is different about candida krusei?
Resisitant to fluconazole, use voriconazole
How does sotalol work
as well as being a b blocker, blocks k+ channesl, decreasing eflux and delaying repolarisation
WHat type of muscarinic receptor does ipratropium act on
M3- found in smooth muscles of bronchioles+ arterioles
M1- brain/secretory glands
M2- heart
M4 CND
M5 dopamin in cns
