Miscellaneous Drug Cards Flashcards
Cyanide Antidote Kit @ Amyl Nitrate
A: Convert hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which reacts within cyanide and chemically binds with it, preventing an toxic effect.
Cyanide Antidote Kit b Sodium Thiosulfate
A: Converts cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate, which is then excreted in the urine.
Dextrose
A: Rapidly increases serum glucose levels. short-term osmotic dieresis.
Diphenydramine (Benadryl)
A: Blocks cellular histamine receptors; decreases vasodilation decreases motion sickness. Reverses extra-pyramidal reaction.
Promethazine Hydrochloride (Phenergan)
A: H-I receptors antagonist; Blocks action of histamine; possesses sedative, anti-motion, antiemetic and anticholinergic activities; potentiates the effects of narcotics to induce analgesia.
Oral Glucose (Insta-Glucose)
A: After absorption in the GI tract. Glucose is distributed to the tissues providing an increase in circulating blood glucose levels.
Ondansetron Hyrochloride (Zofran)
A: Blocks action of serotonin, which is a natural substance that causes nausea and vomiting.
Dopamine Hydrochloride (Intropin)
A: Immediate metabolic precursor to nor-epinephrine. Produces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects.Dilates renal and splanchnic vasculature. Constricts systemic vasculature, increasing BP and pre-load. Increases myocardial contractility and stroke volume.
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
A: Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis unknown mechanism of stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta blocker over dose. Minimal positive inotropic and chronotropic response. Decreases GI motility and secretions.
Magnesium sulfate
A: Reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing AcH release at the myoneural junction. Manages seizures in toxemia of pregnancy.
Pralidoxime Chloride (2-PAM, Protopam)
A: Reactivates cholinestrase to effectively act as an antidote to organophosphate and pesticide poisonings. this action allows for destruction of accumulated AcH at the neuromusclar junction resulting in reversal of respiratory paralysis and paralysis of skeletal muscle.
Sodium Bicarbonate
A: Buffer metabolic acidosis and lactic acid build up in the body caused by anaerobic metabolism secondary to severe hypoxia by reacting with hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide.
Thiamine (Betaxin)
A: Combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate cocenzyme, which is a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism. The brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiency.
Ketamin (Ketalar)
A: Causes dissociative state.
