Miscellaneous

Question 1

Herniated Intervertebral Disc

Answer 1

-Common between L4-L5, L5-S1, and C6-C7

-The nerve affected is always the one below.
E.g. a slipped disc between L4-L5 will affect spinal nerve L5

Question 2

Joint Classification, structural

Answer 2

STRUCTURAL:
-Based on the presence or
absence of a joint cavity and the type of C.T. binding the articulating bones.
-FIBROUS JOINT:
No joint cavity, fibrous CT – Distal tibiofibular joint
-CARTILAGENOUS JOINT:
No joint cavity, cartilage holds bones together Pubis symphysis
-SYNOVIAL JOINT:
There is a joint cavity
Bones united by articular capsule and ligaments – Knee joint, hip joint

Question 3

Joint classification, functional

Answer 3

FUNCTIONAL:
Based on degree of movement.
fits into a socket.
• SYNARTHROSIS: no movement
-SUTURE: skull
-GOMPHOSIS: cone-shaped peg E.g. tooth
-SYNCHONDROSIS: Rib and sternum
• AMPHIARTHROSIS: slight
movement
–SYNDESMOSIS: e.g. distal tibiofibular joint
–SYMPHYSIS: e.g. pubis
• DIARTHROSIS: freely moveable with a synovial cavity, articular cartilage and capsule
–Ball-and-Socket Joint (spheroid) e.g. hip
–Ellipsoidal Joint (condyoid): e.g. carpus
–Gliding Joint (arthrodial): tarsus
–Hinge Joint (ginglymus) e.g. elbow
– Pivot Joint (throchoid) e.g. radioulnar
– Saddle Joint (sellaris) e.g.carpal-metacarpal joint

Question 4

Joints of the Vertebral Column

Answer 4

The joints of the vertebral column are held together by:

1. Intervertebral discs
2. Ligaments
3. Vertebral arches
4. Atlanto-occipital joint
5. Atlanto-axial joint
6. Costo-vertebral joints
7. Costo-transverse joints

NOTE: Ribs 1, 10, 11, 12 articulate with one vertebra only

(See notes for more details)