Miscellaneous Flashcards

0
Q

explain merkel’s disks?

A

dome structure on top of an axon terminal
located in the epidermis/dermis boundary
detects shape, form, texture and rough edges

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1
Q

explain ruffini’s endings?

A

nerve terminal intertwined with collagen fibres
located deep in the dermis
detects identation, stretch and lateral movements of the skin

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2
Q

explain meissner’s corpuscles?

A

looping axonal terminal intertwined with supporting cells
located just below the epidermis
detects 30-50Hz
detects rough texture and movements

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3
Q

explain pacinian’s corpuscles?

A

sensory axon surrounded by fluid filled capsules
located deep in the dermis
detects vibrations of 250-350Hz
detects fine texture and movements

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4
Q

what are phased neurons ?

A

fire a burst of activity and then shut down

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5
Q

what are tonic neurons?

A

fire constantly

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6
Q

what are accommodating neurons ?

A

initially fire rapidly but then get slower and slower until the stop firing

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7
Q

what are spontaneous active bursting neurons?

A

pacemaker neurons which dont require external stimulus

oscillate without external input and shut down automatically

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8
Q

what is the affective aggression pathway of serotonin?

A

basolateral nuclei of the amygdala
to lateral hypothalamus
to PAG

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9
Q

what is the predatory aggression pathway of serotonin?

A

corticomedial nuclei of the amygdala
to lateral hypothalamus
to ventral tegmentum

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10
Q

what does the utricle detect ?

A

linear acceleration

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11
Q

what happens when the otolithic membrane moves?

A

activates the utricle and saccule

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12
Q

what happens to movements when the activity in the direct pathway in the basal ganglia is increased ?

A

increases likelihood of movement

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13
Q

what happens to movements when the indirect pathway is activated in the basal ganglia?

A

decreases likelihood of movements

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14
Q

what happens when dopamine is released in the striatum ?

A

increases movement

activates the direct pathway and inhibits the indirect pathway

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15
Q

what happens when the VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus are activated ?

A

it increases movement

16
Q

what are thee 5 cell types in the cerebellar cortex ?

A
purkinje cells 
granule cells 
golgi cells
basket cells 
stellate cells
17
Q

what cells of the cerebellar cortex actually leave the cerebellum ?

A

purkinje cells are the only ones that have axons to leave the cortex

18
Q

what cells of the cerebellar cortex are excitatory ?

A

only the granule cells

19
Q

what cells of the cerebellar cortex dont interact with the purkinje cells ?

A

only the golgi cells

20
Q

what are the parallel fibres ?

A

axons of the granule cells

21
Q

explain the pyramidal tract/corticospinal tract?

A

passes through internal capsule
decussates within the medullary pyramids
has the majority of axons in the lateral portion
axons which dont decussate travel in the anterior portion