Miscellaneous Flashcards
What class of medication is albuterol?
Beta-adrenergic agonist
How does albuterol work?
It relaxes smooth muscle of the airways, causing bronchodilation and relief of symptoms of asthma, COPD, and acute bronchospasm
What are the side effects of albuterol?
Tachycardia and feeling jittery
Albuterol, DuoNeb, and Racemic Epinephrine may cause what rare adverse effect?
Paradoxical bronchospasm
DuoNeb contains what two active medications?
Albuterol and ipratropium bromide
How does ipratropium work?
It is an anti-cholinergic medication that relaxes smooth muscle of the airways and reduces airway secretions
What are the side effects of DuoNeb?
tachycardia, feeling jittery, dry mouth, urinary retention
What class of medication is racemic epinephrine?
Alpha and beta agonist
What does racemic epinephrine treat?
Upper airway obstruction/laryngeal edema
What are the side effects of racemic epinephrine?
tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, nausea, hallucinations, dizziness
What class of medication is atropine?
Anticholinergic
What does atropine treat?
Symptomatic bradycardia
What is the typical dosing of IV atropine?
0.5 mg doses given q3min (max total dose is 3mg)
What are the side effects of atropine?
dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
Why should we use caution with atropine in patients with diagnosed cardiovascular disease?
Atropine may cause hypertension, tachycardia, tachydysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, or MI
What class of medication is Demerol?
Opioid narcotic
What is Demerol typically used to treat?
Post-operative shivering
What is the typical dose of IV Demerol for shivering?
12.5 mg (diluted and given slowly over two minutes)
If Demerol is used with other opioids and sedatives, the risk for what adverse effects increase?
CNS and respiratory depression
What is the first line treatment for malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
How does dantrolene work?
It is a skeletal muscle relaxant that interferes with calcium in muscle cells to prevent muscle contraction
What is the dose of dantrolene for MH?
2.5 mg/kg rapid IV bolus followed by 1mg/kg q5min until reduction in symptoms
What are two brands/formulations of dantrolene used at Atrium?
Dantrium and Ryanodex
How is Dantrium reconstituted?
20mg vial must be reconstituted with 60 mL preservative free sterile water and shaken
How is Ryanodex reconstituted?
250 mg vial must be reconstituted with 5mL preservative free sterile water and shaken
Dantrolene should not be given with what medication?
calcium channel blockers (causes cardiac collapse)
