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PACU Pharmacology > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What class of medication is albuterol?

A

Beta-adrenergic agonist

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2
Q

How does albuterol work?

A

It relaxes smooth muscle of the airways, causing bronchodilation and relief of symptoms of asthma, COPD, and acute bronchospasm

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3
Q

What are the side effects of albuterol?

A

Tachycardia and feeling jittery

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4
Q

Albuterol, DuoNeb, and Racemic Epinephrine may cause what rare adverse effect?

A

Paradoxical bronchospasm

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5
Q

DuoNeb contains what two active medications?

A

Albuterol and ipratropium bromide

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6
Q

How does ipratropium work?

A

It is an anti-cholinergic medication that relaxes smooth muscle of the airways and reduces airway secretions

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7
Q

What are the side effects of DuoNeb?

A

tachycardia, feeling jittery, dry mouth, urinary retention

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8
Q

What class of medication is racemic epinephrine?

A

Alpha and beta agonist

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9
Q

What does racemic epinephrine treat?

A

Upper airway obstruction/laryngeal edema

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10
Q

What are the side effects of racemic epinephrine?

A

tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, nausea, hallucinations, dizziness

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11
Q

What class of medication is atropine?

A

Anticholinergic

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12
Q

What does atropine treat?

A

Symptomatic bradycardia

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13
Q

What is the typical dosing of IV atropine?

A

0.5 mg doses given q3min (max total dose is 3mg)

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14
Q

What are the side effects of atropine?

A

dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

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15
Q

Why should we use caution with atropine in patients with diagnosed cardiovascular disease?

A

Atropine may cause hypertension, tachycardia, tachydysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, or MI

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16
Q

What class of medication is Demerol?

A

Opioid narcotic

17
Q

What is Demerol typically used to treat?

A

Post-operative shivering

18
Q

What is the typical dose of IV Demerol for shivering?

A

12.5 mg (diluted and given slowly over two minutes)

19
Q

If Demerol is used with other opioids and sedatives, the risk for what adverse effects increase?

A

CNS and respiratory depression

20
Q

What is the first line treatment for malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene

21
Q

How does dantrolene work?

A

It is a skeletal muscle relaxant that interferes with calcium in muscle cells to prevent muscle contraction

22
Q

What is the dose of dantrolene for MH?

A

2.5 mg/kg rapid IV bolus followed by 1mg/kg q5min until reduction in symptoms

23
Q

What are two brands/formulations of dantrolene used at Atrium?

A

Dantrium and Ryanodex

24
Q

How is Dantrium reconstituted?

A

20mg vial must be reconstituted with 60 mL preservative free sterile water and shaken

25
Q

How is Ryanodex reconstituted?

A

250 mg vial must be reconstituted with 5mL preservative free sterile water and shaken

26
Q

Dantrolene should not be given with what medication?

A

calcium channel blockers (causes cardiac collapse)

PACU Pharmacology (12 decks)

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