miscellaneous

Question 1

special features of childrens airways

Answer 1

obligate nasal breathers
relatively large tongue
small, soft larynx - higher position (C1)
narrow subglottis - 3.5mm (any swelling makes v small)

Question 2

WHO pain ladder

Answer 2

1. Nonopiod +/- adjuvant therapy - Paracetamol, NSAIDs
2. Weak opiod - Codeine, tramadol
3. Strong opoids - morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl + buprenorphine

Question 3

what are adjuvant analgesics

Answer 3

painkillers whose primary indication is for something other than pain

anticonvulsants, antidepressants

Question 4

examples of adjuvant analgesics

Answer 4

anticonvulsants - gabapentin, pregablin

antidepressants - amitriptyline, duloxetine

Question 5

first line drug for neuropathic pain + its side effects

Answer 5

amitriptyline

SE = constipation, dizziness, dry mouth

Question 6

antihistamine example

Answer 6

cetirizine

Question 7

decongestant example

Answer 7

pseudoephedrine

Question 8

what might a flat tympanogram indicate

Answer 8

fluid behind tympanic membrane

perforation