misc. sem. 1

Question 1

4 main principles of ethics

Answer 1

1. Beneficience - benefit the patient
2. Nonmleficience - do no harm
3. Autonomy - no coersion into decision
4. Justice - equal care and access to care, receive best possible care

Question 2

informed consent

Answer 2

patient must be given information about the treatment AND consequences of no treatment.
should NOT be under control of anyone else (avoid testing children).
ie: predictive testing for adult onset diseases, research, etc.

Question 3

ethical issue with confidentiality (and genetic testing)

Answer 3

Physician cannot give others (ie: family members) information about test results.
However, should educate pt. on importance of informing family members of relevant results (ie: Heritable cancers, etc.)

Question 4

“Knock-in” genome changes

Answer 4

when foreign genes are introduced into genome (-> transgenic).
* usually gain of function for the introduced gene*
– nonhomologous recombination,
How?
vector injected into male pronucleus (just after fertilization)

Question 5

“Knock-out” organism

Answer 5

germline deletion of a specific endogenous gene,
*often lethal,
produces “null organism”