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Medical Diagnostics > Misc. Labs > Flashcards

Misc. Labs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?

A

Phosphorus

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2
Q

What is the main organ that excretes phosphorus?

A

Kidney’s

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3
Q

Is phosphorus intracellular or extracellular?

A

Intracellular

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4
Q

Phosphorus combines with calcium in the _____ and ______

A

Teeth and bones

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5
Q

What does phosphorus exist as in the blood and what does it play a role in?

A

Phosphate

  • Generation of boney tissue
  • Metabolism of glucose, fats and proteins
  • Storage and transfer of energy
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6
Q

What are the roles of phosphorus in the body?

A
  • Essential for Muscle and Nervous System function
  • Crucial role in formation of teeth and bones
  • Role in metabolism (fats, carbs and proteins)
  • Assists in regulating calcium levels
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7
Q

What are phosphorus levels determined by?

A

Calcium metabolism

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8
Q

What is the relationship between calcium and phosphorus?

A

Inverse

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9
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do to phosphate?

A

Decreases phosphate reabsorption which allows you to excrete more
(PTH controls calcium levels so if calcium levels are high PTH will decrease phosphate reabsorption so you can lower the phosphate levels by excreting it)

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10
Q

In reference to Ca and P, if there is an excess of one electrolyte in serum this causes ___________

A

The kidney to excrete the other electrolyte

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11
Q

What should you order a phosphorus test?

A
  • Abnormalities in Calcium
  • Post surgery (patients who are NPO)
  • Seizing
  • Alcoholics
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12
Q

What is usually ordered with phosphorus?

A

Magnesium

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13
Q

What can cause (false) decreased phosphorus levels?

A

Recent carb loading (including IV glucose)

Drugs: antacids, albuterol, anesthesia agents, estrogens, insulin, oral contraceptives, mannitol

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14
Q

What can cause (false) increased phosphorus levels?

A
  • Laxatives or enemas containing sodium phosphate

drugs: methicillin, steroids, some diuretics, vitamin D

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15
Q

What is associated with increased LDH?

A

Malignant neoplasms or other cancers, lymphomas, or leukemias

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16
Q

What is a decreased LDH an indicator of?

A

That cancer therapy is working (chemo)

17
Q

What is increased ammonia a sign of?

A

Liver not working

  • Liver failure
  • Alcoholics
18
Q

What converts ammonia to urea?

A

Liver

19
Q

What patients should you order ammonia on?

A

AMS with unknown cause

20
Q

What is lactic acid a measure of?

A

Indirect measure of CELL PROFUSION

21
Q

When should you order lactic acid?

A

-Measures “how sick” someone is so order in times of sepsis, pneumonia, etc

22
Q

What is the main purpose of ordering uric acid?

A

Diagnosis and monitor treatment of gout

may also be increased in preeclampsia

23
Q

What is C-reactive protein used to diagnose?

A
  • Bacterial Infections

- Inflammatory disorders

24
Q

C-reactive protein is more _____ than ESR

A

sensative

25
Q

What does Pro-Calcitonin tell us?

A

Tells us if there is a bacterial infection…but not how severe it is or what bacteria it is

26
Q

What is creatinine clearance a measure of?

A

VOLUME

  • Number of milliliters filtered by the nephrons in the kidneys per min
  • Depends on the amount of blood present to be filtered and the ability of a nephron to act as a filter
27
Q

What is GFR a measure of ?

A

RATE

  • Allows recognition of chronic renal disease in its earlier stages
  • Opportunity to treat early and prevent or to slow progression
28
Q

Who should you NOT give contrast dye to?

A

Patients on the verge of kidney failure

29
Q

What 4 tests is kidney function measured by?

A
  1. Serum creatinine
  2. BUN
  3. BUN/Cr ratio
  4. 24 hour urine collection for CC
30
Q

What conditions cause a decreased CC?

A

-Impaired kidney function

31
Q

What conditions cause a decreased GFR?

A
  • CHF
  • Cirrhosis with ascites
  • Shock
  • Dehydration

Medical Diagnostics (10 decks)

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