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Medical Diagnostics > CBC > Flashcards

CBC Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How much blood do we circulate?

A

5L

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2
Q

What percent of blood is plasma?

A

55%

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3
Q

What percent of plasma is water?

A

90%

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4
Q

What percent of blood is cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)?

A

45%

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5
Q

What is the most numerous cell in the blood?

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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6
Q

What is the function of RBCs?

A

Carry oxygen to all parts of the body and bring CO2 back to the lungs

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7
Q

What is the largest cell present in blood?

A

Leukocytes (WBCs)

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8
Q

Which cells do we have the least of in our blood?

A

Leukocytes

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9
Q

What is the smallest cell present in blood?

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

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10
Q

Which cells are essential for coagulation?

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

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11
Q

What is the production of all types of blood cells?

A

Hematopoiesis

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12
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

Bone marrow

and lymphatic tissue in adults

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13
Q

How does a CBC with differential differ from just a CBC?

A

CBC with diff contains specifics of WBCs while a CBC only shares the total number of WBCs

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14
Q

What is the normal value of RBCs?

A

Approx. 4-6 million RBCs/microliter of blood

  • differs slightly in males and females
  • Newborns can have more
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15
Q

What can cause an RBC count to appear higher than normal?

A

-Dehydration
-Severe diarrhea
-Acute poisoning
These cause less water to be in our blood making more room for RBCs in the sample collected

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16
Q

What can actually cause an RBC count to be higher than normal?

A

-Chronic lung disease

Need more RBCs because need more O2 circulating

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17
Q

What can actually cause an RBC count to be lower than normal?

A

Anemia

18
Q

What is the main component of erythrocytes?

A

Hemoglobin

19
Q

What does hemoglobin measure?

A

-Number of RBCs
-Oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs
(used to diagnose/evaluate/treat types of anemia)

20
Q

How many amino acids is one heme molecule made of?

A

4

2 alpha chains, 2 beta chains

21
Q

What is the normal range for hemoglobin?

A

Males: 14-18 g/dL
Females: 12-16 g/dL
*12-15 is a good marker

22
Q

What happens if hemoglobin count is too high?

A

Hgb > 20.0 g/dL can cause clogged capillaries

23
Q

What diseases can cause an increase in hemoglobin?

A
  • COPD

- CHF

24
Q

What does a hematocrit/packed cell volume (PCV) measure?

A

Weighted part of RBCs (percentage by volume of packed RBCs in whole blood)

25
Q

What is the ratio of Hgb:Hct?

A

1:3

26
Q

What is the normal value of a hematocrit?

A

Males: 42-52%
Females: 37-47%

27
Q

What values are dangerous for a hematocrit?

A

Hct < 15% can lead to cardiac failure/death

Hct > 60% is associated with spontaneous blood clotting

28
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

Young, immature, non-nucleated RBCs that are released from bone marrow early b/c old RBCs are failing

29
Q

What is a normal value for a reticulocyte count?

A

0.5-2.0% of RBCs

30
Q

What values are dangerous for a reticulocyte count?

A

> 2.0% means something is wrong because too many are being released
< 0.5% bone marrow failure/nutritional deficiences

31
Q

What does Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) describe and what are normal values?

A
  • Describes the SIZE of the RBC

- Normal = 80-100 mm3

32
Q

What terms are used to describe different MCV values?

A
  • Normocytic (80-100)
  • Microcytic (<80)
  • Macrocytic (>100)
33
Q

What does Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) measure?

A
  • Average amount of Hgb in RBC

- Closely resemble MCV because bigger RBC can hold more Hgb and smaller RBC holds less Hgb

34
Q

What does Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Measure (MCHC)?

A

Average concentration of percentage of Hgb within each RBCs

COLOR

35
Q

What terms are used to describe different MCHC values?

A
  • Normochromic (32-36 g/dL)
  • Hypochromic (pale color, <32)
  • Hyperchromic (bright red, >36)
36
Q

What does RBC Size Distribution Width (RDW) measure?

A

Variation in size or volume of RBCs

37
Q

What is the term for a high RDW and what does it mean?

A

Anisocytosis

  • Lots of variation in the size of RBCs
  • Normal range is 11.5-14.5%
38
Q

When is a peripheral smear used?

A

When a abnormal value appears on a CBC

39
Q

What does an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) measure?

A

The rate at which red blood cells settle out of unclotted blood in an hour

40
Q

What are indications for ordering an ESR?

A

Inflammation

-RBCs clump together when there is inflammation and therefore settle (fall) faster resulting in a higher ESR

Medical Diagnostics (10 decks)

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