Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

* Year 2 Control + Movement > misc C+M > Flashcards

misc C+M Flashcards

1
Q

A patient is concerned with their hearing and sometimes fails to recognise familiar tastes. He is also unstable when he gets out of bed. If cranial nerves are responsible for these symptoms, where is the most likely location?

A

Lateral pontomedullary junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how would you describe flexion and extension of the shoulder

A

same direction as flexion and extension of the hip!

flexion = swinging arm forward (eg while walking)

extension = swinging arm back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

latissimus dorsi muscle:

  • origin
  • insertion
  • actions 3
  • innervation
A

origin:
- broad: spinous processes of T6 to T12, illiac crest, thoracolumnar fascia + inferior 3 ribs

insertion:
- intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

actions:

  • extends shoulder
  • adducts shoulder
  • medially rotates shoulder

innervation:
- thoracodorsal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

trapezius:

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • action of upper fibres? 2
  • action of middle fibres? 1
  • action of lower fibres? 1
  • innervation?
A

origin:

  • skull
  • nuchal ligament
  • spinous processes of C7 - T12

insertion:

  • clavicle
  • acromion
  • spine of scapula

upper fibres:

  • elevate scapula
  • rotate scapula (during abduction of arm))

middle fibres:
- retract scapula

lower fibres:
- pull scapula inferiorly (depress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the possible movements of the scapula?

A
  • elevation
  • depression
  • protraction (hunch shoulders forward)
  • retraction (pull shoulders back, shoulder blades closer together)
  • upwards rotation (seen when arm is aBducted)
  • downwards rotation (seen when arm is aDucted)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

levator scapulae:

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • action?
  • innervation?
A

origin:
- TRANSVERSE processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae

insertion:
- medial border of scapula

action:
- elevates scapula (clue’s in the name)

innervation:
- dorsal scapula nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rhomboid major + minor:

  • origins?
  • insertions?
  • actions? 2
  • innervation?
A

rhomboid major:

  • origin = spinous processes of T2-T5
  • insertion = medial border of scapula, between scapula spine + inferior angle

rhomboid minor:

  • origin = spinous processes of C7-T1
  • insertion = medial border of scapula, at level of scapula spine

nb rhomboid minor sits superior to rhomboid major

actions:

  • retracts scapula
  • rotates scapula

innervation:
- dorsal scapula nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the three groups of muscles of the back?

what could each be said to mainly control?

A

superficial
- associated with movements of the shoulder

intermediate
- associated with movements of thoracic cage

deep
- associated with movements of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the superficial back muscles? 5

A
  • trapezius
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid minor
  • rhomboid major
  • lat dorsi

nb all innervqated by dorsal scapula nerve (except trapezius is innervated by accessory nerve CN11)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what structure is cut through in a laryngotomy?

A

cricothyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the difference between ulnar claw and hand of benediction?

incl nerve damaged and muscles paralysed

A

lnar claw: paralysis of the medial 2 lumbricals means that, when your hand is RESTING, your pinky and ring finger are flexed at IP and extended at MCP

Hand of benediction: paralysis of all extrinsic flexors in forearm EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus! Therefore, when the person tries to make a fist they can flex the MCP + IP joints of the pinky and ring but CANT flex the index and middle finger!

So basically you get the same ‘claw’ in both pathologies but you see it at rest in ulnar claw and when asked to make a fist in hand of benediction!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what movement is the scapula unable to perform if the long thoracic nerve is damaged?

what may cause this damage?

A

unable to PROtract the scapula

-> winging of the scapula

eg axillary lymph node clearance for breast carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what branch of the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel + supplies the thenar eminence?

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

median 2 lumbricals = ulnar nerve

lateral 2 lumbricals
= median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the arterial blood supply to the:

  • internal capsule + basal ganglia?
  • thalamus?
A

internal capsule + basal ganglia:
- striate arteries (branch off the medial cerebral artery)

thalamus:
- branches of the posterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what two muscles are likely to be injured due to a laceration of the webspace between the 1st + 2nd digits?

A
  • the first dorsal interosseous

- adductor pollicis

17
Q

substantia gelatinosa:

  • function?
  • located in which rexed laminae of the spinal cord grey matter?
A

an area in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where afferent pain fibres synapse
- it is important in the gate-control mechanism of pain sensation

rexed laminae number II

“the pain is not TWO bad”

18
Q

on an ultrasound of the leg, do muscles appear lighter or darker when they are tensed?

A

darker (as get more dense!)

dense stuff appears darker on ultrasound (opposite to x-ray) as echowaves can’t pass through it

19
Q

where do the lateral and medial circumflex arteries of the hip normally arise from?

A

the profunda femoris artery

only rarely from the femoral

20
Q

which artery supplies an acetabular branch to the head of the femur?

A

obturator artery

21
Q

what causes night blindness?

A

absense/loss of rod cells

can be congenital or acquired through infection etc

22
Q

What are the boundaries of the deltopectoral (clavipectoral) triangle?

What structure lies in this triangle?

A 
Mediosuperior = clavicle
Superolateral = deltoid
Inferomedial = pec major

Cephalic vein

23
Q

What are the actions of pec major?

A

Together:
- adducts + medially rotates humerus

Just clavicular head:
- flexes humerus

Just sternocostal head: extends humerus

24
Q

What is the action of pec minor?

A

Stabilises scapula by drawing anteroinferiorly against thoracic wall

25
Q

What is the insertion of serratus anterior?

A

Costal (rib facing) surface of medial border of scapula

26
Q

What form the borders of the axilla?

A

Anterior: pec major + minor

Posterior: scapularis, teres major, lat dorsi

Lateral: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Medial: serratus anterior + thoracic wall

27
Q

What are the 5 sections of the brachial plexus?

A
  • roots
  • trunks
  • divisions
  • cords
  • terminal branches
28
Q

Which cords of the brachial plexus contribute to the:

  • musculocutaneous nerve?
  • axillary nerve?
  • radial nerve?
  • median nerve?
  • ulnar nerve?
A

Musculocutaneous:
- lateral cord

Axillary:
- posterior cord

Radial:
- posterior cord

Median:
- lateral AND medial cord

Ulnar: medial cord

Nb the cords are named for their position around the axillary artery

29
Q

Biceps brachii:

  • proximal attachments?
  • insertion?
  • actions? 3
A

Proximal attachments

  • short head: coracoid process of scapula
  • long lead: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion
- radial tuberosity (on radius) + fascia of forearm

Actions
- supination of forearm
- flex arm at shoulder
- flex arm at elbow
Nb especially during supination
30
Q

brachialis:

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • action?
A

origin:
- medial + lateral surfaces of humeral shaft

insertion:
- ulna tuberosity (on ulna)

action:
- flexion of elbow (esp during pronation)

nb biceps brachii flexes elbow during supination, brachialis during pronation

31
Q

coracobrachialis:

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • action?
A

origin:
- coracoid process of the scapula

insertion:
- medial surface of humeral shaft (at level of deltoid tubercle)

action:
- flexion of arm at shoulder (+ weak adduction)

32
Q

what is quadrilateral space syndrome?

A

compression of the axillary nerve in the quadrilateral space -> paralysis + atrophy of deltoid

33
Q

what causes a ‘painful arc’?

A

sub acromial bursitis

basically the tendons compress the inflammed bursa
-> pain during this ‘arc’ between 60-120 deg rotation of shoulder

34
Q

what is frozen shoulder?

aka?

A

adhesive capsulitis

pain + stiffness in shoulder due to swollen + thickened capsule

35
Q

teres major:

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • actions? 2
  • innervation?
A

origin:
- post surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

insertion:
- intertubercular groove of the humerus

actions:

  • adducts shoulder
  • medially rotates arm

innervation:
- lower subscapular nerve

36
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

- which nerve is each innervated by?

A

supraspinatus
- suprascapular nerve

infraspinatus
- suprascapular nerve

subscapularis
- upper + lower subscapular nerve

teres minor
- axillary nerve

nb sub scapularis is on costal (anteroinferior) side of scapula, the others are on the posterosuperior side

37
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscle insert?

what is the action of each of them, individually?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus + teres minor all insert at GREATER tuberosity and are LATERAL rotators

subscapularis inserts aat LESSER tuberosity and is a MEDIAL rotator

supraspinatus ALSO initiates ABDUCTION of the arm and does first 0-15 degs (then deltoid takes over!)

38
Q

what is the name of the canal in the wrist through which the ulnar nerve travels?

A

Guyon’s canal

39
Q

which epicondyle is affected in:

  • golfers elbow?
  • tennis elbow?
A

golfers = medial

tennis = lateral

“in golf you hold club close to body whereas tennis racket is held away from your body”

* Year 2 Control + Movement (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions