Misc. Agents Flashcards
Imatinib (Gleevac) Class
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor
Imatinib (Gleevac) Mechanism
Inhibits Abl kinase by binding where ATP should go; also inhibits PDGFR and c-kit; metabolized by cytochrome P450
Imatinib (Gleevac) Therapeutics
First line therapy for CML; also, gastrointestinal tumor (GIST)
Imatinib (Gleevac) Side effects
Nausea and vomiting, fluid retention, muscle cramps,arthralgia, myelosuppression
Gefitinib (Iressa) Class
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor
Gefitinib (Iressa) Mechanism
Inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase
Gefitinib (Iressa) Therapeutics
Non-small lung cancer
Erlotinib (Tarceva) Class
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor
Erlotinib (Tarceva) Mechanism
Inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) tyrosine kinase
Erlotinib (Tarceva) Therapeutics
Non-small lung cancer
Nilotinib (Tasigna) class
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor
Nilotinib (Tasigna) Mechanism
Inhibits Abl kinase
Nilotinib (Tasigna) Therapeutics
Imatinib-resistant CML
Nilotinib (Tasigna) Imp side effects
Myelosuppression, QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity,electrolyte abnormalities
Dasatinib (Sprycel) class
Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor
Dasatinib (Sprycel) mechanism
Inhibits Abl & Src kinases
Dasatinib (Sprycel) therapeutics
Imatinib-resistant CML
Dasatinib (Sprycel) Imp side effects
Myelosuppression, bleeding, fluidretention, pulmonary arterial hypertension, Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting,weakness, infections
Rituximab (Rituxan) class
Monoclonal antibody
Rituximab (Rituxan) mechanism
CD20 B-cell antibody that can directly activate apoptosis, activate complement, or activate cell-mediated cytotoxicity (e.g., Tcells, NK cells)
Rituximab (Rituxan) therapeutics
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
Rituximab (Rituxan) imp side effects
Infusion reactions, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), severe mucocutaneous reactions, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Rituximab (Rituxan) other side effects
Skin reactions, irregularheartbeat, muscle or joint pain
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) class
Monoclonal antibody
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) mechanism
Unknown HER2/neu (ErbB2) receptor antibody mechanism (enhanced receptorendocytosis or blocking homo- orheterodimerization)
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapeutics
HER2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) Imp side effects
Hypersentivity reaction; ventriculardysfunction
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) misc
Usually combined with taxanes; enhances doxorubicin cardiotoxicity
Cetuximab (Erbitux) class
Monoclonal antibody
Cetuximab (Erbitux) mechanism
EGFR1 (ErbB1)
Cetuximab (Erbitux) therapeutics
EGFR-positive metastatic colorectal cancer
Cetuximab (Erbitux) imp side effects
Allergic reactions, sudden cardiac death, dermatologic problems, infections, renal failure, electrolyte abnormalities
Cetuximab (Erbitux) other side effects
Asthenia/malaise, fever,nausea, constipation, interstitialpneumonitis
Cetuximab (Erbitux) misc
Clinical trials, probably combine withcisplatin
Ipilimumab (Yervoy) class
Human monoclonal antibody
Ipilimumab (Yervoy) mechanism
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 inhibitor; stimulates immune system
Ipilimumab (Yervoy) therapeutics
Melanoma
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) class
Serine/threonine kinase inhibitor
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) mechanism
Inhibits oncogenic BRAF kinase
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) therapeutics
Unresectable Stage III and IV or metastatic melanomas w/BRAF mutations
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) imp side effects
Arthralgia, fatigue, photosensitivity, nausea, alopecia, diarrhea, QT prolongation
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf) other side effects
Cutaneous squamous cellcarcinoma, keratoacanthoma, new primary cutaneous melanoma
Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) class
Serine/threonine kinase inhibitor
Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) mechanism
Inhibits oncogenic BRAF kinase
Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) therapeutics
Unresectable Stage III and IV ormetastatic melanomas w/BRAF mutations
Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) imp side effects
Serious febrile drug reactions, uveitis and iritis, hyperglycemia, hyperkeratosis
Trametinib (Mekinist) mechanism
Inhibits MEK
Trametinib (Mekinist) therapeutics
Unresectable Stage III and IV ormetastatic melanomas w/BRAF mutations
Trametinib (Mekinist) imp side effects
Cardiomyopathy, retinal disorders,interstitial lung disease, serious skin toxicities
Trametinib (Mekinist) other side effects
Rash, diarrhea, stomatitis,hypertension, pruritis
Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) mechanism
Inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase
Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) therapeutics
CML (replaced by Imatinib),polycythemia vera, essentialthrombocythemia; treatment for sicklecell disease (increases Hb-F)
Retinoids Mechanism
ATRA induces terminal differentiation inmalignant immature promyelocytes, which subsequently apoptose
Retinoids Therapeutics
APL
Retinoids imp side effects
“Leukocyte Activation Syndrome”(LAS), an increase in WBCs (fever,weight gain, respiratory distress,serosal effusion, renal failure)
Retinoids misc
Combined w/anthracyclines;corticosteroids used to block “LAS”
Arsenic Trioxide (Trisenox) Therapeutics
Relapsed APL
Thalidomide (Thalomid) Therapeutics
Multiple myeloma and myelodysplasticsyndromes
Interferons
Hairy-cell leukemia, CML, and AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma