Misc Flashcards
abx for c diff (first line and if recurs)
1st: metronidazole, 2nd: vanc or fidaxomicin
medical rx in appendicitis
prophylactic abx
metronidazole and cefuroxime
complications of pancreatitis
perforation
appendix abscess
blood results in pancreatitis
raised CRP
raised neutrophils
sx peritonitis
severe sudden onset abdo pain
tenderness
guarding
causes of peritonitis
perforation
trauma
secondary to ascites
treatment for GORD
PPI
avoid precipitating factors
lose weight
stop smoking
what cancer may occur from barrett’s
adenocarcionoma
what classification may be used to record distribution of Barrett’s
prague
what is achalasia
oesophageal aperistaliss and impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphyncter
symptoms of achalasia
intermittent dysphagia (liquids and solids from onset)
regurgitation of food
spontaneous chest pain
what is seen on barium swallow in achalasia
birds beak sign
what happens in autoimmune gastritis
autoimmune destruction of parietal cells causing achlorhydria and (no HCl) and intrinsic facftor deficiency
what type of organism is h pylori
gram negative urease producing bacteria
what diseases is helicobacter pylori associated with
chronic gastritis
peptic ulcer disease
gastric cancer
ix peptic ulcer
urease breath test
stool antigen test
management of peptic ulcer caused by h pylori
triple therapy
PPI + clarithro + amox/metro
when is endoscopy required for symptoms that may be ulcer
presenting for first time age >55
other cancer risk factors e.g. anaemia, weight loss, progressive dysphagia, mass
which is relieved by eating gastric vs duodenal ulcer
duodenal
nb gastric gets worse as more acid is secreted
treatment of peptic ulcer
h pylori +ve -> treat infection and ulcer will repair itself
h pylori negative -> usually due to NSAIDs so stop them
viruses that cause diarrhoea
rotavirus
norovirus
adenovirus
bacteria that cause diarrhoea
campylobacter ecoli salmonella shigella c diff
histological findings coeliac disease
crypt hyperplasia
villous atrophy
endoscopic signs coeliac disease
scalloping
reduced folds
fissuring
cobblestone appearance
histopathology CD VS UC
CD = non-caseating granulomas. transmural. skip lesions.
uc = punctate ulcers, crypt abscess. NOT transmural
diarrhoea in CD vs UC
CD -> get up at 4am and go 5 times in next 45 mins
UC = bloody mucus diarrhoea
drugs for CD vs UC
steroids to induce remission for both
CD = immunosuppressants e.g. azathioprine/methotrexate, anti TNF
UC = mesalazine (you see a pooey mess)
surgery
symptoms of haemorrhoids
blood on toilet paper
blood on outside of stools
itchy bottom
treatment of haemorrhoids
Bulk-forming laxatives if constipated
high fibre and fluid diet
topical anaesthetic
rubber band ligation
antibiotics that cause c diff
clindamycin
ciprofloxacin
coamoxiclav
cephalosporins
2 causes of oesophageal dysmotility
achalasia (failure of smooth muscle to relax so lower oesophageal sphincter won’t open)
scleroderma
what sign on barium swallow of achalasia
bird beak
treatment of achalasia
nifedipine
or surgery if not responsive to CCB
