Misc Flashcards

1
Q

abx for c diff (first line and if recurs)

A

1st: metronidazole, 2nd: vanc or fidaxomicin

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2
Q

medical rx in appendicitis

A

prophylactic abx

metronidazole and cefuroxime

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3
Q

complications of pancreatitis

A

perforation

appendix abscess

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4
Q

blood results in pancreatitis

A

raised CRP

raised neutrophils

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5
Q

sx peritonitis

A

severe sudden onset abdo pain
tenderness
guarding

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6
Q

causes of peritonitis

A

perforation
trauma
secondary to ascites

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7
Q

treatment for GORD

A

PPI
avoid precipitating factors
lose weight
stop smoking

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8
Q

what cancer may occur from barrett’s

A

adenocarcionoma

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9
Q

what classification may be used to record distribution of Barrett’s

A

prague

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10
Q

what is achalasia

A

oesophageal aperistaliss and impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphyncter

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11
Q

symptoms of achalasia

A

intermittent dysphagia (liquids and solids from onset)
regurgitation of food
spontaneous chest pain

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12
Q

what is seen on barium swallow in achalasia

A

birds beak sign

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13
Q

what happens in autoimmune gastritis

A

autoimmune destruction of parietal cells causing achlorhydria and (no HCl) and intrinsic facftor deficiency

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14
Q

what type of organism is h pylori

A

gram negative urease producing bacteria

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15
Q

what diseases is helicobacter pylori associated with

A

chronic gastritis
peptic ulcer disease
gastric cancer

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16
Q

ix peptic ulcer

A

urease breath test

stool antigen test

17
Q

management of peptic ulcer caused by h pylori

A

triple therapy

PPI + clarithro + amox/metro

18
Q

when is endoscopy required for symptoms that may be ulcer

A

presenting for first time age >55

other cancer risk factors e.g. anaemia, weight loss, progressive dysphagia, mass

19
Q

which is relieved by eating gastric vs duodenal ulcer

A

duodenal

nb gastric gets worse as more acid is secreted

20
Q

treatment of peptic ulcer

A

h pylori +ve -> treat infection and ulcer will repair itself

h pylori negative -> usually due to NSAIDs so stop them

21
Q

viruses that cause diarrhoea

A

rotavirus
norovirus
adenovirus

22
Q

bacteria that cause diarrhoea

A
campylobacter
ecoli
salmonella
shigella
c diff
23
Q

histological findings coeliac disease

A

crypt hyperplasia

villous atrophy

24
Q

endoscopic signs coeliac disease

A

scalloping
reduced folds
fissuring
cobblestone appearance

25
Q

histopathology CD VS UC

A

CD = non-caseating granulomas. transmural. skip lesions.

uc = punctate ulcers, crypt abscess. NOT transmural

26
Q

diarrhoea in CD vs UC

A

CD -> get up at 4am and go 5 times in next 45 mins

UC = bloody mucus diarrhoea

27
Q

drugs for CD vs UC

A

steroids to induce remission for both

CD = immunosuppressants e.g. azathioprine/methotrexate, anti TNF

UC = mesalazine (you see a pooey mess)

surgery

28
Q

symptoms of haemorrhoids

A

blood on toilet paper
blood on outside of stools
itchy bottom

29
Q

treatment of haemorrhoids

A

Bulk-forming laxatives if constipated
high fibre and fluid diet
topical anaesthetic
rubber band ligation

30
Q

antibiotics that cause c diff

A

clindamycin
ciprofloxacin
coamoxiclav
cephalosporins

31
Q

2 causes of oesophageal dysmotility

A

achalasia (failure of smooth muscle to relax so lower oesophageal sphincter won’t open)
scleroderma

32
Q

what sign on barium swallow of achalasia

A

bird beak

33
Q

treatment of achalasia

A

nifedipine

or surgery if not responsive to CCB