Misc

Question 1

in Scotland, if some is under the age of 15 and competent can they refuse treatment

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

who are transition clinics for

Answer 2

16-18 year olds (approx.)

Question 3

what is a transition clinic

Answer 3

a cross between a paediatric and adult clinic

Question 4

what are the 4 things that define puberty in boys

Answer 4

Axillary hair
Pubic hair
Genitalia
(APG)

growth spurt

Question 5

what are the 5 things that define puberty in girls

Answer 5

Axillary hair
Pubic hair
Breasts (thelarche)
(APB)

menarche (periods)
growth spurt

Question 6

average puberty in boys

Answer 6

11.5

Question 7

precocious puberty in boys

Answer 7

<9

Question 8

delayed puberty in boys

Answer 8

> 14

Question 9

average puberty in girls

Answer 9

11

Question 10

precocious puberty in girls

Answer 10

<8

Question 11

delayed puberty in girls

Answer 11

> 13

Question 12

thelarche definition

Answer 12

breast budding

Question 13

testicular volume in puberty

what is this the same size as

Answer 13

> 4mls

‘teaser’ celebration

Question 14

whats the pneumonic used for things to discuss with young people one their own in a consultation

Answer 14

HEEADSSS

Question 15

what does HEEADSSS stand for

Answer 15

Home - relationships 
Education/Employment - progress
Eating - weight, body image 
Activities - physical, peers 
Drugs - medication and recreational 
Sex 
Suicidal
Safety

Question 16

if someone <12 has sex what is it

Answer 16

criminal offence

Question 17

if 2 14 year olds have sex will they get convicted

Answer 17

no

Question 18

if a >18 year old has sex with a <18 year old will they get convicted

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what are the 4 types of child abuse

Answer 19

physical abuse (NAI)
neglect
emotional abuse
sexual abuse

Question 20

if a kid is too young to move and they come in with a fracture what do you ALWAYS suspect

Answer 20

non accidental injury

Question 21

which fractures are a sign of non accidental injury (2)

Answer 21

posterior ribs

corner joint/bucket handle fracture

Question 22

what is distinctive of a tramline bruise

Answer 22

lighter area between 2 bruises

Question 23

what causes a tramline bruise

Answer 23

thin linear object hitting the skin

Question 24

in a tramline bruise what happens to the blood vessels directly beneath the object

Answer 24

compressed (not stretched and burst)

Question 25

what distribution pattern of burns/scalds is non accidental injury suggestive of (3)

Answer 25

glove and stocking buttocks dorsum of hands

Question 26

what causes a burn

Answer 26

dry heat eg flame

Question 27

what causes a scald

Answer 27

wet heat eg oil, steam

Question 28

when do you do a skeletal survey if non accidental injury is suspected

Answer 28

<2 year olds

Question 29

investigation for child with bruising why

Answer 29

clotting screen to rule out bleeding disorder

Question 30

investigation for child with ?intracranial injury

Answer 30

head CT

Question 31

is it necessary to have parent consent when referring a child to child protection

Answer 31

no but you must tell them you are doing so

Question 32

what is the infant mortality rate a measure of

Answer 32

probability of death <1 year/1000 live births

Question 33

what is the neonatal mortality rate a measure of

Answer 33

probability of death <1 month/1000 live births

Question 34

what is perinatal mortality rate a measure of

Answer 34

probability of death 24 weeks before birth until 1 week after birth

Question 35

what are the 6 preventable reasons of child mortality from WHO

Answer 35

breastfeeding access to level 3 neonatal intensive care nutrition!!!! skilled healthcare professionals around birth knowledge of child health 'red flags' water sanitation and hygiene

Question 36

most common cause of child mortality worldwide

Answer 36

pneumonia

Question 37

treatment of HIV in <3 year olds

Answer 37

2 NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) and 1 NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Question 38

treatment of HIV in >3 year olds

Answer 38

protease inhibitor eg kaletra

Question 39

how is HIV transmitted

Answer 39

sex | mother to child

Question 40

what is the first sign of puberty in girls

Answer 40

thelarche (breast budding)

Question 41

how long after thelarche (breast budding) does menstruation (periods) begin

Answer 41

2/3 years

Question 42

recommended hours of activity per day

Answer 42

3

Question 43

recommended hours of moderate activity per day

Answer 43

>1

Question 44

how many day per week should kids be doing vigorous exercise

Answer 44

3

Question 45

weaning definition when should it be done

Answer 45

introduction to foods alongside breast feeding/formula 4-6 months

Question 46

are kids resp rates higher or lower than adults

Answer 46

higher

Question 47

are kid pulses higher or lower than adults

Answer 47

higher

Question 48

if a kid presents to GP and you send them home, what must you always do!

Answer 48

safety net!!! bring them back/phone NHS 24 if things change/get worse

Question 49

are kids bp higher or lower than adults

Answer 49

lower

Question 50

when does brain development start

Answer 50

3 weeks post conception

Question 51

what 2 things happen between weeks 3 and 9 after conception in brain development

Answer 51

gastrulation | neural tube development

Question 52

what is gastrulation in brain development

Answer 52

epiblast and hypoblast layers changes into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

Question 53

what 2 things happen between week 9 and birth in brain development

Answer 53

sulci and gyri development | neurone development

Question 54

what 2 things happen in childhood (after birth, before adolescence) in brain development

Answer 54

proliferation and migration | myelination

Question 55

what does myelination in brain development involve (2) when does it happen

Answer 55

OPCs wrap around axons = myelin sheaths occurs during childhood

Question 56

why is nature vs NURTURE a valid argument

Answer 56

bc your brain is still developing during childhood (and adolescence)

Question 57

in what direction does brain myelination/maturation/pruning happen what develops last

Answer 57

from back to front front - higher cognitive functions eg self control, emotion, planning

Question 58

example of medical proof of nature vs NURTURE

Answer 58

need to stimulate both eyes otherwise ocular dominance will occur in one eye

Question 59

when a kid is lying down with neck to one side, opposite hand is flexed to prevent them rolling over what reflex is this

Answer 59

fencing reflex

Question 60

up until what age is fencing reflex normal what should you suspect after this age

Answer 60

6 months cerebral palsy

Question 61

in growth charts (and generally) what is Z score

Answer 61

number of standard deviations you are from the mean

Question 62

what is global developmental delay

Answer 62

not reaching the developmental milestones in more than one category (gross motor, fine motor, speech and language, social skills) eg downs

Question 63

history taking questions for child health (10)

Answer 63

birth - complications, delivery method, NICU, term?, birth weight developmental milestones - when did they start walking, talking, how are they with other kids, what do they like to draw immunisations feeding, sleeping, nappies

Question 64

in which centile is a kid clinically overweight

Answer 64

>91st centile

Question 65

in which centile is a kid clinically obese

Answer 65

>98th centile

Question 66

what is the environment that has influenced childhood obesity by encouraging high energy low nutrient foods

Answer 66

obesogenic environment

Question 67

lifestyle changes for an obese kid (3)

Answer 67

family changes! 123; >1hour of exercise per day <2hours screen time 3 balanced meals

Question 68

drug for morbidly obese kids (from specialist not GP)

Answer 68

orlistat