Immunisations Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

when do people get vaccinations (4)

A

childhood
elderly
before travel
occupational groups (eg healthcare)

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2
Q

which cells are involved in immunological memory and hence immunisation process (3)

A

memory B cells
memory T cells
long lived plasma cells

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3
Q

which antibody is the one that responds much quicker on secondary exposure of an antigen

A

IgG antibody

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4
Q

where are B cells made

A

bone marrow

‘B’ cells = ‘B’one marrow

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5
Q

what do B cells produce

A

antibodies

‘B’ cells = anti’B’odies

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6
Q

what is the function of T cells

A

orchestrate the immune response - bind to other cells, send out signals

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7
Q

what is a live attenuated vaccine

A

exposure to less virulent version of the same organism

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8
Q

what is an inactive vaccine

A

exposure to inactivated (‘killed’ or not) pathogen

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9
Q

which type of vaccines always need a booster immunisation

A

inactive vaccines

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10
Q

what type of vaccine is diphtheria

A

inactive toxoid

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11
Q

what type of vaccine is hep B

A

inactive subunit

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12
Q

what type of vaccine is influenzae

A

inactive subunit

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13
Q

what type of vaccine is tetanus

A

inactive toxoid

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14
Q

what type of vaccine is pertussis

A

inactive subunit

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15
Q

what type of vaccines are used for pneumococcus, MenC and hep B

A

inactive conjugate vaccine

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16
Q

what do you add in a conjugate vaccine

A

protein

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17
Q

why do you add a protein to a vaccine in conjugate vaccines

A

to make the vaccine more immunogenic

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18
Q

if a vaccine has a peptide/protein adjuvant, what is it known as

A

conjugate vaccine

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19
Q

by making a vaccine more ‘immunogenic’ what does an adjuvant actually do?

A

promotes inflammation

20
Q

what is a live attenuated vaccine

A

a less virulent version of the same organism

21
Q

what type of virus are MMR, varicella, zoster and polio examples of

A

live attenuated vaccine

22
Q

which 2 groups of people are live vaccines contraindicated in

A

pregnant

immunosuppressed

23
Q

example of passive immunity (3)

A

blood donors
mother to child
pooled immunoglobulin

24
Q

what is pooled immunoglobulin

A

when you transfer blood with a high Ig to someone with a low Ig

25
what type of immunoglobulin is transferred via breast milk
IgA
26
what type of immunoglobulin is transferred via placenta
IgG
27
what is it called when the unvaccinated people in a population are protected bc the rest of the population are vaccinated
herd immunity
28
what is the significance of egg allergy and vaccinations
vaccines are contraindicated
29
which childhood vaccine is given PO (the rest are IV)
rotarix
30
which vaccine triplet is given at age 2, 3 and 4 months what are they for
DtaP/IPV/Hib diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haem influenza B
31
when is menB vaccine given for meningococcal B
2 and 4 months
32
when is PCV vaccine given for pneumococcal disease
2 and 4 months
33
what is PCV for
pneumococcal disease
34
which vaccination is given at 2 and 3 months
rotarix PO for rotavirus
35
which vaccination is for meningococcal B
menB
36
at which age do you give menC instead of menB
3 months
37
at which age (2, 3 or 4 months) do you not get a rotarix PO vaccination
4 months
38
what are the preschool boosters what are they for
MMR DtaP/IPV measles, mumps, rubella diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio
39
what vaccine can be given annually for applicable kids (and adults)
flu
40
which vaccines are given at 1 year (5)
``` MMR PCV Hib menC menB ```
41
what is MMR vaccine for
measles, mumps, rubella
42
what is Hib vaccine for
haem influenza B (bc this is common in kids)
43
which vaccines are given to girls aged 11-13 twice
HPV
44
which meningococcal viruses are vaccinated against aged 13/14
ACWY (menACWY vaccine)
45
which condition can be vaccinated against by either a live vaccine or a inactivated vaccine
polio
46
which type of vaccine (live attenuated or inactive) is preferred in developed world countries for polio prophylaxis (more expensive but better)
inactivated