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J Child Health > Immunisations > Flashcards

Immunisations Flashcards

1
Q

when do people get vaccinations (4)

A

childhood
elderly
before travel
occupational groups (eg healthcare)

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2
Q

which cells are involved in immunological memory and hence immunisation process (3)

A

memory B cells
memory T cells
long lived plasma cells

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3
Q

which antibody is the one that responds much quicker on secondary exposure of an antigen

A

IgG antibody

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4
Q

where are B cells made

A

bone marrow

‘B’ cells = ‘B’one marrow

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5
Q

what do B cells produce

A

antibodies

‘B’ cells = anti’B’odies

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6
Q

what is the function of T cells

A

orchestrate the immune response - bind to other cells, send out signals

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7
Q

what is a live attenuated vaccine

A

exposure to less virulent version of the same organism

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8
Q

what is an inactive vaccine

A

exposure to inactivated (‘killed’ or not) pathogen

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9
Q

which type of vaccines always need a booster immunisation

A

inactive vaccines

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10
Q

what type of vaccine is diphtheria

A

inactive toxoid

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11
Q

what type of vaccine is hep B

A

inactive subunit

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12
Q

what type of vaccine is influenzae

A

inactive subunit

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13
Q

what type of vaccine is tetanus

A

inactive toxoid

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14
Q

what type of vaccine is pertussis

A

inactive subunit

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15
Q

what type of vaccines are used for pneumococcus, MenC and hep B

A

inactive conjugate vaccine

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16
Q

what do you add in a conjugate vaccine

A

protein

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17
Q

why do you add a protein to a vaccine in conjugate vaccines

A

to make the vaccine more immunogenic

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18
Q

if a vaccine has a peptide/protein adjuvant, what is it known as

A

conjugate vaccine

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19
Q

by making a vaccine more ‘immunogenic’ what does an adjuvant actually do?

A

promotes inflammation

20
Q

what is a live attenuated vaccine

A

a less virulent version of the same organism

21
Q

what type of virus are MMR, varicella, zoster and polio examples of

A

live attenuated vaccine

22
Q

which 2 groups of people are live vaccines contraindicated in

A

pregnant

immunosuppressed

23
Q

example of passive immunity (3)

A

blood donors
mother to child
pooled immunoglobulin

24
Q

what is pooled immunoglobulin

A

when you transfer blood with a high Ig to someone with a low Ig

25
Q

what type of immunoglobulin is transferred via breast milk

A

IgA

26
Q

what type of immunoglobulin is transferred via placenta

A

IgG

27
Q

what is it called when the unvaccinated people in a population are protected bc the rest of the population are vaccinated

A

herd immunity

28
Q

what is the significance of egg allergy and vaccinations

A

vaccines are contraindicated

29
Q

which childhood vaccine is given PO (the rest are IV)

A

rotarix

30
Q

which vaccine triplet is given at age 2, 3 and 4 months

what are they for

A

DtaP/IPV/Hib

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haem influenza B

31
Q

when is menB vaccine given for meningococcal B

A

2 and 4 months

32
Q

when is PCV vaccine given for pneumococcal disease

A

2 and 4 months

33
Q

what is PCV for

A

pneumococcal disease

34
Q

which vaccination is given at 2 and 3 months

A

rotarix PO for rotavirus

35
Q

which vaccination is for meningococcal B

A

menB

36
Q

at which age do you give menC instead of menB

A

3 months

37
Q

at which age (2, 3 or 4 months) do you not get a rotarix PO vaccination

A

4 months

38
Q

what are the preschool boosters

what are they for

A

MMR
DtaP/IPV

measles, mumps, rubella
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio

39
Q

what vaccine can be given annually for applicable kids (and adults)

A

flu

40
Q

which vaccines are given at 1 year (5)

A 
MMR 
PCV 
Hib 
menC 
menB
41
Q

what is MMR vaccine for

A

measles, mumps, rubella

42
Q

what is Hib vaccine for

A

haem influenza B (bc this is common in kids)

43
Q

which vaccines are given to girls aged 11-13 twice

A

HPV

44
Q

which meningococcal viruses are vaccinated against aged 13/14

A

ACWY (menACWY vaccine)

45
Q

which condition can be vaccinated against by either a live vaccine or a inactivated vaccine

A

polio

46
Q

which type of vaccine (live attenuated or inactive) is preferred in developed world countries for polio prophylaxis (more expensive but better)

A

inactivated

J Child Health (4 decks)

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