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J Child Health > Conditions summary > Flashcards

Conditions summary Flashcards

1
Q

non blanching rash

A

bacterial meningitis

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2
Q

sunken fontanelle (in skull)

A

dehydration

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3
Q

definition of prolonged jaundice

A

> 14 days (or >21 days if preterm)

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4
Q

holoprosencephaly definition

A

failure of brain vesicles to form

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5
Q

school age kid
inattentive
hyperactive
impulsive behaviour

A

ADHD

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6
Q

ADHD treatment (3)

A

CBT
methylphenidate
atomoxetine

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7
Q 
genetic problem 
developmental delay, learning difficulties 
large tongue 
sandal gap between toes 
low set ears 
brushfield spots (white) on eyes
A

downs syndrome (trisomy 21)

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8
Q

patau syndrome chromosome

A

chromosome 13

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9
Q

Edwards syndrome chromosome

A

chromosome 18

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10
Q

regression in development (child looses previously attained developmental milestones)

A

hunters syndrome

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11
Q

what are the 3 domains that an autistic child struggles with

A

communication - eg lack of eye contact
social interaction - difficulty with turn taking, poor relationships
imagination - like ritualistic behaviours

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12
Q 
kid with poor eye contact 
likes ritualistic behaviours
fussy eater 
poor personal hygiene 
spinning to noise of washing machine 
tiptoe walking
A

autism spectrum disorder

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13
Q

how is asbergers different to autism

A

form of autism where the only problem is social communication

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14
Q

premature baby
resp problem
CXR - ground glass appearance

A

respiratory distress syndrome

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15
Q

which virus causes bronchiolitis

A

RSV

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16
Q

<1 year old
poor feeding
wheeze
runny nose

A

bronchiolitis

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17
Q 
difficulty swallowing 
stridor
fever 
unvaccinated 
head XR - thumbprint sign
A

epiglottitis

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18
Q

which bacteria causes epiglottitis

A

haem influenza B (bc its in kids)

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19
Q

epiglottitis treatment

A

ceftriaxone IV (Ceftriaxone bc its in Children)

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20
Q

what differentiates pneumonia from normal infections in kids

A

high fever

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21
Q

cold like symptoms
barking cough followed by inspiratory ‘whoop’
vomiting

A

whooping cough (pertussis)

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22
Q

which virus causes croup

A

parainfluenzae virus

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23
Q 
baking/harsh cough 
sounds like  seal 
sudden onset (overnight) 
stridor 
CXR - 'steeple' sign
A

croup

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24
Q

which type of vasculitis presents in kids

A

IgA (henoch schnlein purpura)

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25
Q

kid with URTI then a rash on legs 1-3 weeks later

A

IgA henoch schnlein purpura vasculitis

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26
Q

webbed neck
wide spaced nipples
horse shoe kidney
genetic condition

A

turners syndrome XO

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27
Q

massive parotid swelling caused by viral

A

mumps

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28
Q

maculopapular rash over body
fever
cough
small white lesions in oral mucosa

A

measles

29
Q

painful lesions around mouth with gold crust

A

impetigo from staph aureus (treated with flucloxacillin)

30
Q

post natal (hence mums need to be vaccinated) viral infection
generalised maculopapular rash
swelling
fever

A

rubella

31
Q

between which times is jaundice in a new born normal

A

24 hours - 2 weeks

32
Q

jaundice <24 hours after birth

A

haemolysis (eg haemolytic disease of newborn, sepsis)

33
Q

what is haemolytic disease of the newborn

A

when mothers Rh/Ig (?? something like this) is different to kids

do coombes test

34
Q 
2-6 weeks old 
feeding well bc hungry 
projectile vomiting foodstuffs
weight loss 
abdo mass
A

pyloric stenosis

vomiting foodstuffs = obstruction at stomach = PYLORIC stenosis

35
Q 
6 months old 
vomiting
no stools 
pulls legs up after feeding
'red currant' stained nappy(PR blood)
A

intussusception

36
Q

6 years old
pain in umbilicus (dull and achy) then RIF (sharp pain)
nausea
vomiting

A

appendicitis

37
Q

6 years old
generalised abdo pain
painful going over bumps in car

A

peritonitis (maybs from appendicitis?)

38
Q

investigation and treatment for pyloric stenosis

A

ultrasound for thickness of muscle

pyloromyotomy (surgery to cut the muscle = stretch it)

39
Q

what is the folding in/telescoping of the ileocaecal valve in the bowel bc of over active lymphoid tissue called

A

intussusception

40
Q

intussusception investigation and treatment

A

ultrasound

treatment - pump air into anal passage OR surgery to unravel folds

41
Q

vomiting green bile

A

malrotation of the gut

vomiting bile bc the problem is below the bile duct

42
Q

treatment of malrotation of the gut

A

EMERGENCY surgery

43
Q

treatment of constipation in kids

A

laxatives
go to toilet after meals
high fibre diet, lots of water

44
Q

dysuria (pain when peeing)
fever
vomiting
irritable

A

UTI

45
Q 
neonate
acute onset scrotum pain 
red
bruising 
systemically unwell (nausea, vomiting) - always look under nappy!
A

testicular torsion

46
Q

testicular torsion treatment

A

emergency surgery

47
Q

less severe version of testicular torsion

blue dot on inspection

A

testicular appendix torsion (aka mullerian duct remnants)

48
Q

what presents similar to testicular torsion (dysuria, red, hot, swollen, painful) but you can only tell the difference during surgery

A

epididymitis

49
Q

treatment of epididymitis

A

antibiotics (ofloxacin)

50
Q

if you cant see boy testes at birth what do you do

A

feel along inguinal canal for them

if you cant find them = surgery, need to find them incase they become malignant!!

51
Q

red, swollen, itchy testicles/groin

water filled

A

idiopathic scrotal oedema

52
Q

what is paraphimosis

A

swollen foreskin

53
Q

what is hydrospadias
aetiology
treatment

A

congenital disorder
urinary opening not where it normally is
get surgery

54
Q

seizure/loss of consciousness after crying

A

breath holding attack

55
Q

collapse when kid is playing sport

A

arrhythmia/cardiac issue

56
Q

1-5 y/o
<5 minute seizure, fine before and after
fever

A

febrile convulsion

57
Q

treatment of febrile convulsion

A

treat fever

58
Q

cause of febrile convulsion

A

something that has caused a fever (eg infection)

59
Q

what is wrong with someone with epilepsy

A

lower thresholds for seizures than other people

60
Q

does epilepsy occur with or without a fever

A

either

61
Q

what is commonly mistaken for epilepsy

A

gratification disorder

62
Q

what is gratification disorder

A

masturbation in child 3 months - 3 years

63
Q

treatment of gratification disorder

A

nothing, reassure parents its normal

64
Q

which age groups does meningitis occur in

A

<5

15-24

65
Q

what is meningitis

A

infection of the meninges (brain lining)

66
Q

what is encephalitis

A

meningitis + brain involvement

67
Q

antibiotic for meningitis

A

ceftriaxone

68
Q

abnormal cry (weak, high pitched, continuous)

A

think sepsis

69
Q

treatment of sepsis in kids

A

same as sepsis in adults (sepsis 6 BUFALO)

J Child Health (4 decks)

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