MIsc Flashcards
In HIV positive pregnant mothers, immunogobulin is given to baby after birth to prevent HIV transmission - T or F?
F.
To prevent HIV transmission, do not breast feed, delivery by caeseran and give antivirals to mother and child
All herpesviridae are ss/ds DNA/RNA viruses
DsDNA
HSV 1 or HSV 2 is more prevelance in UK?
HSV1
Mollaret’s meningitis is caused by
HPV type 6 and 11 HSV 2 EBV CMV RSV
HSV2
What is the commonest cause of viral encephalitis?
HSV
What antivirals are used to treat HSV?
Aciclovir and valaciclovir
What is the MoA of aciclovir
Inhibits viral polymerase
Difference between aciclovir and valaciclovir?
Valaciclovir enables less frequent dosing, is a prodrug with better bioavailability
What is the incubation period for chickenpox
8-21 days average 14 days
How many doses of MMR is required?
2 doses
What is the commonest cause of congenital infection in the uk?
CMV HIV Influenza A Rotavirus Rubella virus
CMV
Symptoms of congenital CMV infection
Growth retardation
Jaundice
Hepatosplenomegaly
Encephalitis
Death in 20% if not, neurological problems
How does hematopoetic stemcell transplantation cause CMV infection?
Highest risk when recipient has had CMV but donated tissue does not have CMV antibodies/T cells
Symptoms of CMV infection in immunocompromised
Fever, neutropenia
Pneumonitis GI disease Retinitis Hepatitis Myocarditis Encephalitis
What virus causes an owl eye inclusion to be seen in histology
CMV
Ganciclovir can be used for CMV infections - T or F
T
What is the MoA of ganciclovir
Inhibit viral DNA polymerase
CMV vaccination is part of the schedule in UK - T or F?
False, there is no license CMV vaccine
What virus causes the colloqual “kissing disease”?
EBV
What virus causes “mono”
EBV
Which virus is burkitt's lymphoma associated with VZV EBV CMV HIV HPV HSV
EBV
What is the MoA of rituximab
Antibody against B cells.
What does EBV IgM +ve and EBV EBNA IgG -ve mean?
Primary infection of EBV
Which virus is associated with kaposi’s sarcoma?
HHV 8
Which of these have been associated with Guillan Barre’s syndrome
EBV CMV HIV HSV HPV HHV N meningitis Streptococcus pneumoniae Campylobacter jejuni Haemophilius influenzae E coli
EBV
CMV
Campylobacter jejuni
Describe cold agglutinin disease
Autoimmune haemolytic disease where IgM attack RBC when the body is at a lower temperature.
Which of these is related to cold agglutinin disease N meningitis Streptococcus pneumoniae Campylobacter jejuni Haemophilius influenzae E coli Mycoplasma pneumoniae Plasmodium falciparum Staphylococcus aureus
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What kind of infections is flucloxacillin good for
Soft tissue gram positive infections
What class of antibiotic is flucloxicilin
Beta lactams
Flucloxacillin is insensitive to beta lactamase producing bacteria - T or F?
True, flocloxacilling can be used on meta lactamase producing bacteria
Anaemia is a symptom of hookworm - T or F
T
What time of the day should a blood test for Loa Loa infection be done?
During the day
What is the treatment for Loa loa infection
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
What antibiotics are given for TB
Isoniazid and rifampicin
MoA and class of gentamicin
Aminoglycoside
Binds to 30s subunit
Class and MoA of erythromycin
Macrolide
Binds to 50s
How does metronidazole work
Forms toxic metabolites in the pathogen, degrade DNA
Which bacteria cause bloody and watery diarrhea?
Salmonella Vibrio Bacillus cereus Shigella S. Aureus C. Perfringens Campylobacter E Coli
Watery - ETC Ecoli, vibrio, bacillus cereus, S aureus, C Perfringens
Bloody - shigella, E coli 0157
BOTH - salmonella, campylobacter
Main source of campylobacter infection
Farm animals, raw milk, cross contamination with raw/uncookd food.
What two toxins are made by C Diff?
Enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B
What drugs have interactions with NSAIDs
ACEI Diuretics, blunt the effectiveness of them.
What is lipocortin AKA Annexin, and how can it be targeted
It is a protein inhibitor of phospholipase A2, upstream of the COS pathway.
Glucocorticoids like beclomethasone increase expression of Annexin, thereby increasing inhibition of phospholipase A2 pathway.
MoA of benzodiazapines
Modulator of GABAa receptor, increasing chloride influx, reducing activity.
