CSIM1.84 Pathology Of Chronic Organ Failure And Transplantation Flashcards
Most common causes of kidney failure that require transplantation?
Glomerular disease, diabetes, hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Most common organs that require transplantation?
Kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas
Symptoms and clinical findings of acute renal failure
Reduce renal excretion
Blood show elevated urea, nitrogen and creatinine
Anuric, oliguric, polyuric
Describe pre-renal, intrinsic and outflow obstruction in acute renal failure
Pre-renal implies obstruction of blood flow to kidney, reducing GFR
Intrinsic entails glomerular/interstitium damage
Obstruction refers to blockage in urine outflow
What 2 organs are most susceptible to Goodpasture’s disease?
Where capillaries most exposed - kidneys and lungs
Pathophysiology of Goodpasture’s disease?
Antibodies binding to collagen, complement opsonisation of basement membrane and consequence inflammation and destruction by phagocytes and neutrophils.
Treatment for Goodpastures
Plasmapharesis
Haemodialysis
Immunosuppresion
Transplantation
What immunosuppresive drugs can be given in goodpastures
Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids
What are some signs of organ transplant failure?
Signs of organ failure
E.g kidney failure with rising creatinine and urea
Describve the following types of transplantation
Autograft, isograft, allograft, xenograft
Autograft is tissue from same person
Isograft is from genetically identical person
Allograft is from non-identical genetic but same species
Xenograft is from different species
What are some surgical complications of solid organ transplants
Portal vein thrombosis leading to ischaemia and infarction
Difference between chronic and acute rejection?
Chronic rejection has a lot of fibrotic tissue
What causes opportunistic infections after organ transplants?
Immunosuppresion
Common opportunistic infections after organ transplant
CMV HSV Aspergillosis Candida PCP
