Misc Flashcards
Differential diagnosis
recognizes the fact that two patients can have identical symptoms and yet their diagnoses and treatments may be significantly different.
pH of skin
4.5 - 6.2
This acidity helps to neutralize the primarily alkaline nature of contaminants.
TIPS
interventional radiology
A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a tract created within the liver using x-ray guidance to connect two veins within the liver. The shunt is kept open by the placement of a small, tubular metal device commonly called a stent.
During a TIPS procedure, interventional radiologists use image guidance to make a tunnel through the liver to connect the portal vein (the vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver) to one of the hepatic veins (three veins that carry blood away from the liver back to the heart). A stent is then placed in this tunnel to keep the pathway open.
Patients who typically need a TIPS have portal hypertension, meaning they have increased pressure in the portal vein system. This pressure buildup can cause blood to flow backward from the liver into the veins of the spleen, stomach, lower esophagus, and intestines, causing enlarged vessels, bleeding and the accumulation of fluid in the chest or abdomen. This condition is most commonly seen in adults, often as a result of chronic liver problems leading to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver). Portal hypertension can also occur in children, although children are much less likely to require a TIPS.
pro se legal representation
comes from Latin, literally meaning “on behalf of themselves”, which basically means advocating on one’s own behalf before a court, rather than being represented by a lawyer
Time of Flight (TOF)
MRA Technique. Measures the difference between the amount of magnetization of tissue and blood, and provides information on the structure of blood vessels, thus, indirectly measuring blood flow. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images can be obtained using this method.
Phase Contrast (PC)
measures the difference between the phases of proton spins in tissue and blood, and measures both the venous and arterial blood flow at any point in the cardiac cycle.
Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images can be obtained using this method.
CE-MRA
Contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) involves blood flow imaging after the patient receives an intravenous injection of a contrast agent. Gadolinium, a non-ionic element, is currently used as a magnetic resonance contrast agent. Gadolinium affects the way in which tissues respond to magnetization, resulting in better visualization of structures when compared to unenhanced studies. Unlike ionic (i.e., iodine-based) contrast agents used in contrast angiography (CA), allergic reactions to gadolinium are extremely rare. Additionally, gadolinium does not cause the kidney failure occasionally seen with ionic contrast agents. Physicians elect to use a specific MRA or CA technique based upon a patient’s clinical situation.
