Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomic/al position

A

When a person is standing upright, facing forward, arms at his sides, palms facing forward, legs parallel, and feet slightly apart with the toes pointing forward, he or she is in the stand position called the ___________.

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2
Q

anter/ior verntr/al

A

front of the body

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3
Q

poster/ior dors/al

A

back of the body

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4
Q

Three Basic Rules for Building Medical Words

A
  1. Word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel 2. CF (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant 3. CF (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. This rule holds true even if the next root begins with a vowel.
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5
Q

medi/ad

A

toward the middle

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6
Q

To indicate a structure below another structure, use the directional term _______

A

infer/ior

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7
Q

To indicate the lower part of a structure, use the directional term _______

A

infer/ior

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8
Q

The legs are _______ to the trunk.

A

infer/ior

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9
Q

The eyes are _______ to the nose.

A

later/al

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10
Q

cephal/ad

A

toward the head

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11
Q

ab-

A

from, away from

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12
Q

-duction

A

act of leading, bringing, conducting

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13
Q

ab/duction

A

movement away from the body

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14
Q

ad/duction

A

movement toward the body

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15
Q

abdomen/o

A

abdomen

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16
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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17
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

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18
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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19
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

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20
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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21
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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22
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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23
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

24
Q

umbilic/o

A

umbilicus, naval

25
Q

Imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

A

body plane

26
Q

median body plane

A

midsagittal

27
Q

frontal body plane

A

coronal

28
Q

horizontal body plane

A

transverse or cross-sectional

29
Q

radi/o

A

radiation; x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

30
Q

AP

A

anter/oposter/ior designates the path of an xray beam from the anterior to the posterior part of the body

31
Q

Subdivision of dors/al cavity

A

1) crani/al: encased by the skull and contains the brain 2) spin/al: contains the spinal cord

32
Q

diaphragm

A

dome-shaped muscle that plans important role in breathing. It separates the thorac/ic cavity from the abdomen/o/pelv/ic cavity.

33
Q

Subdivision of ventr/al cavity

A

1) thoracic cavity: contains the heart and lungs 2) abdominopelvic cavity: contains the digestive and reproductive organs

34
Q

Subdivision of abdominopelvic cavity

A

1) abdominal 2) pelvic

35
Q

Four quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

36
Q

Nine regions of the Abdomen

A

Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right inguinal Hypogastric Left inguinal

37
Q

hernia

A

protrusion or projection of an organ through the wall of the cavity that contains it. A male might experience an inguin/al _________.

38
Q

Bx

A

abbv for bioposy

39
Q

SPECT

A

abbv of single-photon emission computed tomography

40
Q

adhesion

A

Adhesions develop when the body’s repair mechanisms respond to any tissue disturbance, such as surgery, infection, trauma, or radiation. Although adhesions can occur anywhere in the body, they form most commonly in the abdomen after abdominal surgery, inflammation or injury.

41
Q

inflammation

A

protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, heat, and pain, commonly accompanied by loss of infection.

42
Q

septicemia

A

systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood; also called sepsis and blood poisoning

43
Q

culture & sensitivity (C&S)

A

laboratory test of a body fluid placed on a culture medium to identify the cause of an infection (usually a bacterium) and a sensitivity test that determines which antibiotic drug will work best to treat the infection. A C&S test may be done on many different body fluids, such as urine, mucus, blood, pus, saliva, spinal fluid, or a discharge from the vagina or penis.

44
Q

fluoroscopy

A

radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images. It permits the radiographer to observe organs, such as the digestive tract and heart, in motion. It is also used during intrauterine fetal transfusion, biopsy surgery, nasogastric tube placement, and cardiac catheterization.

45
Q

fluor/o

A

luminous, fluorescence

46
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging MRI does not require a contrast medium; however, one may be used to enhance visualization of internal structures. MRI is regarded as superior to CT for most abnormalities of the central nervous system (particularly of the brainstem and spinal cord, musculoskeletal sytem, and pelvic area.

47
Q

nuclear scan

A

Radiographic procedure that produces images of an organ or area of the body by introducing a radionuclide substance (tracer or radiopharmaceutical) that releases a low level of radiation, also called nuclear scanning, radionuclide imaging, and nuclear medicine scan. uses a very small amount of radioactivity and is not known to cause harm

48
Q

tom/o

A

to cut; slice

49
Q

tomography

A

Any of several radiographic procedures in which specialized machines produce a film representing a detailed cross section, or slice (cut), of an area, tissue or organ. Used to identify space-occupying lesions, such as those found in the liver, brain, pancreas, and gallbladder. Types of __________ include CT, PET, & SPECT.

50
Q

PET

A

Positron emission tomography

51
Q

CT

A

computed tomography help detect tumor masses, accumulations of fluid, and bone displacements. used w or w/o contrast

52
Q

US

A

Ultrasonography Does not use ionizing radiation. Used to evaluate fetal development; examine internal structures of the abdomen, brain, and heart; diagnose musculoskeletal disorders, and evaluate blood flow. The record produced is called a sonogram or echogram.

53
Q

x-ray

A

high-energy electromagnetic waves aka radiograph soft body tissues appear black dense body tissues (bone) appear white

54
Q

anastomosis

A

connection between two vessels, such as the surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

55
Q

cauterize

A

Process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat or chemicals (silver nitrate)

56
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

57
Q

epi-

A

above, upon