misc 2-lame stuff Flashcards
what do all emulsions need
an antimicrobial agent because aqueous phase is favorable to growth
another name for pseudoplastic system, and what it refers to
shear thinning system- viscosity (part of non newtonian flow),-
2 types of flow and how they are different
newtonian=pure liquids and dilute solutions that viscocity is a single value and plot of their shear stress vs rate of shear is linear. Non means viscosity is not constant, and depends on shearing stress or force applied )ex/ suspension, emulsion, dispersions, ointments, creams)-further classified into 3 groups
what does “plastic system” refer to
substance that exhibits newtonian flow patterns after certain shearing stress, called yield value (becomes linear)
what does thixtropy refer to
principle that when shear or force is applied (ex/ shaking) a substance loses its consistency and it takes a finite time to recover. Ideal for dispersions
what are suractants
aka surface active agents- molecules or ions that adsorb at interfaces. Has a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part- reduce interfacial energy and lower surface tension. Can act as wetting agents, detergents, foaming agents, dispersing agents, solubilizers, emulsifying agents
process of particle size reduction
comminution
trituration
method of comminution where rubbing solid in mortar with pestle reduces size of particles. Can also e mixing two or more substances with mortar to intimately mix them
what is pulverization by intervention
uses recrystallization to obtain fine particles. First dissolve drug in suitable solvent (minimum amount of volatile solvent like alcohol), then incorporated into liquid or semisolid prep. IE particle reduction with the aid of a chemical that can later be removed (volatile substance)
what is levigation
reduce particle size by triturating in a mortor or spatulating on an ointment slab with a small amount of liquid or semi solid in which it is not soluble. Optimal liquid is viscous with low surface tension to improve ease of wetting solid.
common levigating agents
mineral oil and glycerin
geometric dilution
combining two or more powders of enequal quantities
how numbers relate to capsule size
biggest number (5) means smallest pill. 000 is largest (00 is largest capsule size for human use)
how should powder be packed in capsules
loosely or slightly packed- too packed makes it less easy to disperse
what is the max BUD for products containing water if stability is unknown
14 days
emulsion
2 phase system in which one liquid is dispersed in another in the form of small droplets
lotion
an emulsion liquid dosage form
what is the most common emulsion type
oil in water
ante area
area adjacent to clean room- may ahve lesser air cleanliness. Must be calss 8 or higher. Handwashing, gowning, etc is done here. Cardboard boxes and packing material should not be brought in
what level must a clean room be
6 or 7
what level must the critical area be
class 5 environment
another name for vertical flow hoods
biologic safety cabinets- can be used for any aseptic processing but are required for cytotoxic or hazardous drugs
volume limit for SQ injection
2.5ml
IM volume limits for adults and kids
adult- 2mL in deltoid, 5 mL in butt. Kids up to 3 years- 1mL in gluteus maximus (recommended spot) and only 0.5 if under 15yo in deltoid.