Misc.

Question 0

List synucleopathies:

Answer 0

• Parkinson’s
• Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
• Multiple system atrophy

Question 1

List taupathies:

Answer 1

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Down syndrome
• Pick’s disease
• Fronto-temporal dementia
• Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Argyrophilic grain disease

Question 2

Polyglutamine repeat (CAG) disorders:

Answer 2

• Huntington’s

- Spinocerebellar ataxia

Question 3

The common pathogenic mechanisms underlying most neurodegenerative disorders:

Answer 3

1. abnormal protein dynamics with misfolding, defective degradation, proeasomal dysfunction, and aggregation
2. oxidative stress and free radicals/ROS
3. impaired bioenergetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and DNA damage
4. fragmentation of neuronal Golgi apparatus
5. disruption of cellular/axonal transport
6. actions and mutations of molecular chaperones
7. dysfunction of neurotrophins
8. neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune processes

Question 4

Difference between dystrophic neurites and neuropil threads

Answer 4

• dystrophic neurites come from axons (and are “attached to plaques”)
• neuropil threads come from dendrites (and are not “attached to plaques”, but are part of plaques)

Question 5

How do you call plaques without dystrophic neurites?

Answer 5

• diffuse plaque

Question 6

The entorhinal cortex corresponds to Broadman areas…

Answer 6

… 28 and 34