MIOSHA Flashcards
1
Q
Safety and Health Act 154 of 1974
A
An Act to prescribe and regulate working conditions: to prescribe the
duties of employers and employees as to places and conditions of
employment
impose an annual levy to provide revenue for the safety education and training division;
2
Q
A
3
Q
A
4
Q
Inspections and Investigations
A
To implement this act, a department representative, upon
presenting appropriate credentials, may enter without delay, and at
reasonable times, a place of employment to physically inspect and investigate
5
Q
Citation for Violations
A
If warranted, a citation shall be issued immediately or within 90
days after completion of a physical inspection
6
Q
Violations: Civil and Criminal Penalties
408.1036 Sec 36 (2) Penalties shall be consistent with Federal OSHA
A
- An employer who receives a citation for a serious violation of
this act, an order issued pursuant to this act, or a rule or standard
promulgated under this act shall be assessed a civil penalty of not
less than $400.00 or more than $12,471.00
3.An employer who willfully or repeatedly violates this act, an
order issued pursuant to this act, or a rule or standard promulgated
under this act may be assessed a civil penalty of not more than
$124,709.00 for each violation.
- An employer who violates a posting requirement prescribed under this act shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $7,000.00
for each violation.
7
Q
10 Most Serious Cited MIOSHA Occupational Health Violations - 2016
A
- Hazard Communication - Written
hazard communication program
8
Q
10 Most Serious Cited MIOSHA General Industry Violations - 2016
A
Floor and Wall Openings - Stairways
and Skylights - Guards for open-sided
floors, platforms, and runways
9
Q
10 Most Serious Cited MIOSHA Construction Violations - 2016
A
1.Personal Protective Equipment:
Head protection
2.Fall Protection - Duty to have
3.Fall Protection - failure to provide protection
4.PPE - Face and eye protection
10
Q
General Rules
A
Accident prevention program” means the program by which
an employer provides instruction and safety training to an employee
in the recognition and avoidance of hazards.
11
Q
General Rules “Confined space
A
means a space that, because of its physical
construction, could be subject to the accumulation of loose
materials or explosive, toxic, or flammable contaminants or
could have an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. EX. crawl space
12
Q
General Rules Qualified employee”
A
means one who, by knowledge, training,
and experience, has successfully demonstrated to the employer
his or her ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the
subject matter, the work, or the project. ( Administrative)
13
Q
General Rules competent person
A
means a person who is experienced and capable of the identifying an existing or potential hazard who has the authority and
knowledge to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate the hazards (in the Feild)
14
Q
Employee responsibilities, accident preventoin program
A
- An employer shall develop, maintain, and coordinate with
employees an accident prevention program, a copy of which shall
be available at the worksite
15
Q
Employee responsibilities, accident preventoin program
A
(b) Inspections of the construction site, tools, materials, and
equipment to assure that unsafe conditions which could create
a hazard are eliminated.
(c) Instruction to each employee in the recognition and avoidance of hazards
(d) Instruction to each employee
(e) Instruction to each employee if known harmful plants,
reptiles, animals, or insects are present regarding all of the
following:
i. The potential hazards.
ii. How to avoid injury.
iii. Applicable first aid procedures to be used in the event of
injury.
16
Q
C. Employers Responsibilities, General
A
An employer shall identify as unsafe a machine, powered
tool, or piece of equipment that is damaged or defective.
The machine, tool, or equipment shall be locked out, made
inoperable, or be physically removed from the jobsite.
17
Q
An employer shall not permit any of the following
A
a. The use of damaged or defective machinery, tools,
materials, or equipment that could create a hazard.
b. The operation of machinery, equipment, and special tools,
except by a qualified employee
c. An employee other than the operator to ride any piece of
moving equipment not covered by a specific standard, unless
there is a seat or other safety feature provided for use by
the employee. Acceptable safety features could include a
guardrail, enclosure, or a seat belt.
- An employer shall not knowingly permit an employee to work
while under the influence of intoxicating beverages or substances
which could impair the employee’s ability to perform a task in a safe
manner.
18
Q
Employee responsibilities
A
- An employee shall immediately report hazardous conditions
or equipment to the employer.
19
Q
Housekeeping and disposal of waste materials
A
- Combustible scrap and debris shall be removed in a safe manner
from the work area at reasonable intervals during the course of
construction. A safe means shall be provided to facilitate this
removal. - Material which may be dislodged by wind and that could create a
hazard when left in an open area shall be secured.
20
Q
Work in hazardous spaces
A
THE UPPERMOST
elevation of the stored material shall not be higher than the shoulder height of the employee.
21
Q
Confined or enclosed spaces; testing; neutralizing hazard
A
- Before an employee enters a manhole, well, shaft, tunnel, or
other confined space where the atmosphere might be hazardous
due to a condition such as a deficiency of oxygen, or might be
toxic in excess of the maximum allowable limits prescribed by the
department of industry and consumer services, the atmosphere
shall be tested and the results recorded
22
Q
Machine installations and guarding
A
A machine shall be located so that there will be space or an
employee to handle the material and operate the machine without
interference to or from another employee or machine.
23
Q
Sanitation
A
1.All of the following provisions apply to potable water:
a. A supply of potable water shall be available to employees in
all places of employment
(nothing else is required)
24
Q
Toilets at construction sites
A
1 to 20 employees- 1 toilet.
25
Toilets at construction sites
4.To assure sanitation, a toilet shall be serviced and maintained on
a regular basis.
5. A toilet shall be supplied with toilet paper.
26
Medical services and first aid
1. An employer shall ensure the availability of medical personnel for
advice and consultation on matters of occupational health
3. A person who has a valid certificate in first aid training shall be present at the worksite to render first aid
4. An employer shall assure that there are first aid supplies at each
jobsite and that the supplies are readily accessible.
27
Illumination
1. A minimum illumination intensity of 10 footcandles shall be
provided on a jobsite where construction work is being performed
28
Go over all the MIOSHA check list in the MIOSHO section page 14
29
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list Administrative
Is there an employee with First Aid Training and a First Aid Kit available onsite?
Is there an adequate supply of potable water available at the jobsite?
30
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list Fall protection
Are unprotected sides or edges more than 6’ in height guarded (Roof or Floor)?
Are holes greater than 2” in their least dimension protected by covers, guardrails, or PFAS?
Are wall openings greater than 30” in height and 18” in width guarded?
Are open sides of stairs and stair landings protected by guardrails and a handrail provided?
31
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Personal Fall Arrest systems
Are anchorage points capable of supporting 5000 lbs. or maintaining a safety factor of 2x the
intended loaded provided and installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions?
Is there a rescue plan in place that assures rescue within 15 minutes in the event that a fall
occurs?
Are harnesses worn and adjusted correctly? (Snug fit- 2 fingers beneath straps, D-ring in center
of back, chest and leg straps adjusted properly)
32
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Guardrail systems
Is the top rail located at a height of 42” +/- 3” from the walking/working surface?
Is the mid rail located at a height of 21” or halfway between the top rail and the walking/working
surface?
Are vertical guardrail supports spaced at intervals not to exceed 8 feet?
Are guardrails constructed or installed to resist a load of 200 lbs. when applied within 2” of the
top rail in an outward and downward direction?
Are guardrails that will be subjected to loads greater than 200 lbs. constructed of a heavier stock
with vertical supports spaced closer than 8’ apart?
Are wire rope guardrails flagged every 6’ with a high visibility material?
33
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Safety Net Systems
Are safety nets installed as close as possible beneath employees? Distances may not exceed
30 FEET.
Do safety nets extend outward from the outermost projection of the work surface as follows?
8’-0” if more than 5’ below an employee
34
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Hole Covers
Are covers capable of supporting without failure twice the weight of employees, equipment, and
materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time?
Are covers color coded or marked with the words “Hole” or “Cover” to provide warning of the
hazard?
35
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Ladders
Do portable ladders in use have a duty rating of at least Type 1 or heavier duty?
Are extension ladders secured against displacement, set to proper 4-to-1 pitch, and extend at
least 3’ above working surface?
36
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Scaffolding
Are scaffolds inspected by a competent person at the beginning of the shift?
Are scaffolds more than 10’ in height protected by guardrails on the back and both ends?
Are working levels fully planked or decked and secured against displacement?
Are enclosed scaffolds guyed, tied, or braced against wind loads?
Are scaffolds more than 4 times the height of their least base dimension tied into the structure or
otherwise secured?
Are employees working on or near scaffold wearing hard hats and implementing falling object
protection (toe boards, screens, solid sheeting, etc.)?
Are anchorage points and vertical lifelines for PFAS secured independently of the supported
scaffold suspension system?
37
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Electrical Protection
Are GFCIs in use for all electrical tools or equipment on temporary circuits?
Have power lines (both above and below ground) been identified and procedures set in place to
maintain safe distances (at least 10’ up to 50K volts)? Or protected against incidental contact by
de-energizing and grounding, moving, or insulating circuits?
Aluminum ladders and cranes must maintain a distance of 20’ FEET from power lines up to 50K volts.
Are generators, compressors, portable light stands grounded per the manufacturer’s
recommendations?
Is temporary lighting supported by a proper fixture and protected by the use of a guard?
Is the temporary lighting maintained without missing or broken bulbs?
38
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Struck by Hazards
Are stacks of brick, block, bagged products, or lumber to be handled limited to being stacked only
2 cubes, 2 pallets, or 6’ height?
Are materials on the roof or upper floors of a structure stored within 10’ of the unprotected
exterior edge?
Is the area into which material is being dumped barricaded at least 6’ feet from the fall zone?
39
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Struck by flying objects
Are penetration checks done prior to operating pneumatic or powder actuated fasteners?
Are sequential triggers used on pneumatic staplers and nailers to prevent accidental discharge?
Are safety clips or retainers installed on pneumatic impact tools to prevent dies and tools from
being accidentally expelled from the barrel?
Are safety fasteners provided at connections between tools and hose lines and at all quick
makeup-type connections to prevent accidental disengagement?
Are table saws equipped with a guard to protect the operator from flying splinter or broken saw
teeth?
40
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Struck by swinging objects
Are suspended loads controlled by the use of tag lines?
Are the swing radii of rotating equipment superstructures barricaded or marked to warn employees
of the hazard of rotating equipment?
41
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Struck by rolling objects
Are employees working in the public right-of-way wearing proper PPE, reflective apparel, and
positioned appropriately?
Are functional back-up alarms or spotters used when backing up equipment that has an obstructed
view to the rear of the equipment?
42
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Engulfment Hazards
Are excavations continuously inspected for hazardous conditions?
Are ladders located in excavations greater than 4’ in depth and at intervals not greater than 25’?
Are sides of excavations properly shored, sloped, or shielded?
Are spoils and other retained materials closer than 2’ of the top of an excavation?
Are stop logs placed where necessary along the top of an excavation?
43
Key Question on the MIOSHA check list. Caught in/between
Are belts, pulleys, shafts, gears, & spindles guarded on all machinery and equipment?
Are workers trained not to position themselves between equipment and immovable objects?
44
Personal Protective Equipment
Employer responsibility
An employer shall provide to an employee, at no expense to the employee
An employer shall require an employee to wear personal protective equipment when prescribed by the rules of this part
45
Certification of head protection
A class A helmet shall bear a certification by the manufacturer
that the helmet is as prescribed in ANSI standard Z89.1-1986
industrial head protection.
A class B helmet for the protection of an exposed voltage of MORE THAN 600
46
47
48
Certification and use of foot protection
2. An employee shall wear foot protection or toe protection, or
both, if conditions of the job are likely to cause a foot injury.
The employee shall provide the foot protection
3. Where a hazard is created from a process, a chemical or
mechanical irritant which could cause an injury or impairment to
the feet by absorption or from physical contact other than from
impact, footwear such as boots, overshoes, rubbers, wooden-soled shoes, or their equivalent shall be worn by the employee
and provided for by the EMPLOYER.
49
Hand and Body protection
1. An employee who handles rough, sharp-edged, abrasive
materials, or whose work subjects the hands to lacerations,
punctures, burns, or bruises, shall wear hand protection of a
type suitable for the work being performed. The EMPLOYER shall
provide the hand protection.
50
MIOSHA Tools
Powder-actuated tool”
means a device that makes
instantaneous forced-entry fastenings into construction
materials through the use of a fastener and an explosive load.
(CANNOT use a powder activated tool on live rock EX. corral)
51
MIOSHA Tools
Push stick
means a narrow strip of wood or other soft material
which has a notch or sharp point on one end and which is used
to push material through the point of operation of a cutting tool.
52
Employers responsibilities tools
ensure that an employee has been trained in the use of tools before authorizing their use.
53
Employers responsibilities tools
a. Use personal protective equipment.
b. Report defective tools to the employer.
c. Not use a tool for other than its designed or approved use
54
Tools generally
Hand tools or portable powered tools shall not be left on a
scaffold, ladder, or work platform after the completion of the work
operation or day. Before the scaffold, ladder, or work platform is
moved, all tools shall be removed or properly secured against
displacement.
55
Electric powered tools
An electric-powered tool, such as a saw, drill motor, and
router, shall be grounded. This requirement does not pertain to
ungrounded electrical systems. Ground fault circuit interrupters
shall be used with ungrounded electrical systems.
The trailing cord of a portable powered tool shall not be used
to hoist or lower the tool.
56
Hand tools
A pipe, socket, end, or adjustable wrench or pliers having
sprung or worn jaws that allow slippage shall not be used.
57
Cleaning with compressed air
Compressed air shall not be used for blowing dirt or dust
from the hand, face, or clothing
Air pressure at the discharge end of a portable air gun or
hose used for cleaning shall not exceed 30 pounds per square
inch gauge (p. s. i. g.), except the pressure may exceed 30 p.
s. i. g., when sandblasting, cleaning concrete forms, or for joint
cleaning.
58
Circular table saw guards
1. A circular table saw shall have a hood-type guard covering
the blade at all times when not in use. When in use, the hood
type guard shall enclose that part of the blade above the table
and that part of the blade above the material by adjusting
automatically to the thickness of the material being cut, or it
may be a fixed or manually adjusted hood-type guard if the
hood remains in contact with the material.
59
Powder-actuated tool operator’s qualifications
An operator of a powder-actuated tool shall be trained to
clean the tool correctly and to recognize any worn or defective
part or defective operation.
An operator of a powder-actuated tool shall have an operators’
card that should be in the operator’s possession at all times
while using.
60
A fastener shall not be driven
Into a very hard or brittle material, such as cast iron, glazed
tile, surface hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick,
or hollow tile, unless designed for such use.
Directly into material, such as brick or concrete, closer than
3 inches from the unsupported edge or corner, or into a steel
surface closer than 1/2 inch from the unsupported edge or
corner, unless a special guard, fixture, or jig is used.
61
Powder-actuated tool defects and misfires
In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the powder-actuated
tool in the operating position for not less than 30 seconds . The
operator shall then try to operate the tool a second time. The
operator shall wait another 30 seconds, holding the tool in the
operating position, then the operator shall proceed to remove
the explosive load in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. Misfired cartridges should be placed carefully in a
metal container filled with water and returned to the supervisor
for disposal.
62
Fire Extinguishers/ Fire Protection/ Prevention
Class "A" Fire
Fire fueled by wood, cloth, paper, rubber and
plastics
63
Fire Extinguishers/ Fire Protection/ Prevention
Class "B" Fire
Fire fueled by flammable liquids, gases or greases
64
Fire Extinguishers/ Fire Protection/ Prevention
Class "C" Fire
Fire fueled by energized electrical equipment
65
Construction sites
Since most construction sites contain items for a class A,
B and C type fire, a combination ABC type extinguisher is
recommended. Generally not less than 10 lbs.
66
PASS
1. P= Pull the Pin.
2. A= Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
3. S= Squeeze the discharge handle.
Summary:
Part 18
29
4. S= Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the fire.
67
Gas cans
Flammable liquids on construction site of greater than 1 gallon
shall be in a safety can.
68
Demolition
1. “Competent person” means a person who is experienced
and capable of identifying an existing or potential hazard in
surroundings, or under working conditions, that are hazardous
or dangerous to an employee and who has the authority and
knowledge to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate the hazards
69
Before the start of a demolition operation, an employer shall
ensure that all of the following are done
A. An engineering survey of the structure and equipment
is conducted by a competent person knowledgeable in
demolition to determine all of the following
c. An employer shall inform utility companies of the planned
demolition. An employer shall ensure that utility services are
shut off, capped, or otherwise protected from damage, except
as specified in subrule (2) of this rule.
d. An employer shall ensure that glazed sash and doors and
other glass that might cause an injury shall be protected or
removed before demolition starts
70
Demolition
An employer shall ensure that an employee is not permitted
to work on a floor below a floor opening when demolition is
conducted on the upper level, unless the employee is protected
by a solid barricade not less than 42 inches high and located
not less than 6 feet back from the projected edge of the opening
above
71
Material chutes and drops
1. The area onto and through which material is to be dropped
shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 42
inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the opening and
the area receiving the material. Signs warning of the hazard of
falling materials shall be posted on the barricades at each level
containing the barricades
6. Where the drop is more than 20 feet outside the exterior of
the building, a chute as prescribed in subrules (3) to (5) of this
rule shall be used and shall extend to within 8 feet of the lower
level
72
Fall Protection
Duty to have fall protection
“General” This section sets forth requirements for employers
to provide fall protection systems. All fall protection required by
this section shall conform to the criteria set forth in 1926.502 of
this subpart. Follows the guidlines of general OSHA
73
Holes Hole” means a gap or void 2 inches or more in its least
dimension, in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface.
1. Each employee on walking/working surfaces shall be
protected from falling through holes (including skylights) more
than 6 feet above lower levels, by personal fall arrest systems,
covers, or guardrail systems erected around such holes
74
Excavations fall protection
excavation 6 feet or more in depth when the excavations are not readily seen because of plant growth or other visual barrier
75
What is definition of low-slope roofs
roof pitch of 4/12 or less
76
Residential construction
Employees engaged in residential construction activities 6 feet
or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail
systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest
system
77
Protection from falling objects systems
1. Erect toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems to prevent
objects from falling from higher levels;
2. Erect a canopy structure and keep potential fall objects far
enough from the edge of the higher level so that those objects
would not go over the edge if they were accidentally displaced;
3. Barricade the area to which objects could fall, prohibit
employees from entering the barricaded area and keep objects
that may fall far enough away from the edge of a higher level
78
Safety net systems
Saftey nets no more than 30 feet below foot level.
Up to 5 feet - 8 feet
79
Guardrail systems
Top gaurd rail systems at 42" and 3" minimum
Guardrail systems shall be capable of withstanding, without
failure, a force of at least 200 pounds applied within 2 inches
of the top edge, in any outward or downward direction, at any
point along the top edge.
80
Personal fall arrest systems
b. limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1800 LBS
when used with a body harness;
c. be rigged such that an employee can neither free fall more
than 6 feet, nor contact any lower level;
81
Personal fall arrest systems
3. The attachment point of the body belt shall be located in the
center of the wearer’s back. The attachment point of the body
harness shall be located in the center of the wearer’s back near
shoulder level, or above the wearer’s head.
4. The anchorage point of the fall arrest equipment must be
capable of supporting 5,000 pounds for each person attached.
5. The employer shall provide prompt rescue of any employee
involved in a fall. Rescue equipment must be on site
82
1. Warning line systems and their use shall comply with the
following provisions:
b. When mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line
shall erected not less than 6 feet from the roof edge which is
parallel to the direction of mechanical equipment operation, and not less than 10 feet from the roof edge which is perpendicular
to the direction of mechanical equipment operation.
83
Warning lines shall consist of ropes, wires, or chains, and
supporting stanchions erected as follows:
a. The rope, wire, or chain shall be flagged at not more than
6-foot intervals with high-visibility material
b. The rope, wire, or chain shall be rigged and supported in such
a way that its lowest point (including sag) is no less than 34
inches from the walking/working surface and its highest point is
no more than 39 inches from the walking/working surface;
c. After being erected, with the rope, wire, or chain attached,
stanchions shall be capable of resisting, without tipping over,
a force of at least 16 pounds applied horizontally against
the stanchion
84
Covers
1. Covers located in roadways and vehicular aisles shall
be capable of supporting, without failure, at least twice the
maximum axle load of the largest vehicle expected to cross
over the cover.
2. All other covers shall be capable of supporting, without
failure, at least twice the weight of employees, equipment, and
materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time.
3. All covers shall be secured when installed so as to prevent
accidental displacement by the wind, equipment, or employees.
4. All covers shall be color coded or they shall be marked with
the word “HOLE” or “COVER” to provide warning of the hazard.
85
P. Protection from falling objects Falling object protection shall
comply with the following provisions:
1. Toeboards, when used as falling object protection, shall be
erected along the edge of the overhead walking/working surface
for a distance sufficient to protect employees below
2. Toeboards shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a
force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or outward
direction at any point along the toeboard.
3. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 3 ½ inches in vertical height
from their top edge to the level of the walking/working surface.
They shall have not more than1/4inch clearance above the
walking/working surface. They shall be solid or have openings
not over 1 inch in greatest dimension
86
6. During the performance of overhand bricklaying and related work
a. No materials or equipment except masonry and mortar
shall be stored within 4 FEET of the working edge
87
During the performance of roofing work:
a. Materials and equipment shall not be stored within 6 FEET of
a roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the edge.
88
Training program
1. The employer shall provide a training program for each
employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. The program
shall enable each employee to recognize the hazards of falling
and shall train each employee in the procedures to be followed
in order to minimize these hazards
89
Fixed and Portable Ladders
General Requirements
1. A ladder shall be provided at all personnel points of access if
there is a break in elevation of 19 inches or more and if a ramp,
runway, sloped embankment, stairway, or personnel hoist is
not provided
90
Fixed and Portable Ladders
Inspection; faults and defects
A ladder shall be inspected before use and after it has fallen
or been involved in an accident to determine its condition.
a. Broken, worn, or missing rungs, cleats, or steps.
b. Broken or split side rails.
c. Broken or bent guides or iron spreaders.
d. Broken or bent locks.
91
Portable ladders
1. A portable ladder shall be used at such a pitch that the
horizontal projected distance from the top support to the base is
not more than one fourth or 1/4 of the vertical distance between
these points
4. When portable ladders are used for access to an upper
landing surface, the ladder side rails shall extend not less than 3 FEET above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is
used to gain access.
5. A manufactured portable metal ladder shall not be used for
electrical work or where the ladder or an employee may contact
electrical conductors
6. A metal ladder shall not be used or moved unless a minimum
of 20 feet is maintained between power transmission or
distribution lines
92
Portable Ladder
Where de-energizing is impractical, the minimum clearances set forth in table 1 shall be maintained
between the ladder, employee, or material, whichever is closer,
but no less than 10 feet
8. An employee who is using a portable ladder shall not stand
on the top 2 rungs or within 3 feet of the top of the ladder.
Minimum overlap must be as follows:
Up to 36’ = 3’ overlap
Over 40’ = 4’ overlap
9. A job-built ladder shall not be more than 24 FEET in length.
93
Use of stepladders
1. An employee shall not use the backside of a stepladder for
climbing, unless the stepladder is designed for such use.
2. Unless the stepladder is equipped with a handrail, the top
step and cap shall not be used to stand on
3. A stepladder shall not be used as a straight ladder by leaning
it against a wall or other support
4. A metal spreader or locking device shall be provided on
each stepladder to hold the front and back sections in an open
position when the ladder is being used. The ladder shall be
opened fully and the spreaders shall be locked while in use.
94
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
Heavy duty scaffold
5. Heavy-duty scaffold means a scaffold that is designed and
constructed to carry a working load of not more than 75 pounds
per square foot
95
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
Ladder jack scaffold
scaffold means a scaffold that is supported by brackets attached to ladder
96
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
Pump jack scaffold
10. Pump-jack scaffold means a scaffold for light-duty work
that consists of vertical poles, platform planking, and movable
brackets for raising or lowering the platform on the vertical poles
by a manual pumping action.
97
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
roof bracket scaffold
12. Roof bracket scaffold means a rooftop-supported scaffold
that consists of a platform resting on angular-shaped supports.
98
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
Rough terrain fork lift truck
Rough terrain forklift truck means a wheeled-type truck which is designed primarily as a fork truck that has a vertical mast or pivoted boom, or both, and that is intended for operation on unimproved natural terrain as well as the disturbed terrain of
construction sites
99
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
Training requirements
An employer shall have each employee who performs
work on a scaffold trained by a person qualified in scaffold
safety
100
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
Construction and capacity generally
2. A scaffold shall not be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered,
except under the supervision of a competent person
3. A scaffold and its components shall be capable of supporting,
without failure, not less than 4 TIMES THE MAXIMUM INTENDED LOAD.
5. All load-carrying wood members of scaffold framing shall be
a minimum of 1,500 psi fiber stress value.
6. A shore or lean-to scaffold shall not be used.
7. An employee shall not be allowed within 10 feet of uninsulated
energized electrical lines.
101
Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms
Guardrails; fall arrest devices
1. A guardrail shall be installed on any open side or end of a
scaffold work platform that is 10 or more feet above the floor or
ground.
102
Planking and scaffold platforms generally
If wood planks are used for a work platform, then the planks
shall be scaffold-grade lumber that has a minimum of 1,500
pounds per square inch fiber stress value. The planks shall be
not less than 2 inches by 10 inches.
The platform shall consist
of a minimum of 2 planks laid side by side. Each platform on
all WORKING levels of scaffolds shall be fully planked or decked
between uprights where practicable. Spaces between the
platform and the uprights shall not be more than 9 1/2 inches.
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Planking and scaffold platforms generally
2. Where planks are lapped, each plank shall lap its bearer not
less than 6 inches, which will provide a minimum overlap of 12
inches.
6. The front of a platform shall be not more than 14 INCHES from
the face of the work unless a guardrail system is erected along
the front edge, or unless a personal fall arrest system is used,
the maximum distance from the face of the work for plastering
and lathing operations shall be not more than 18 INCHES.
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Protection from falling objects
1. In addition to wearing a hard hat, an employee on a scaffold
shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand
tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation
of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems or through the
erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures
that contain or deflect the falling objects.
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If used, toeboards shall be in compliance with both of the
following provisions:
. Be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of not
less than 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal
direction at any point along the toeboard.
b. Be not less than 3 1/2 INCHES high from the top edge of
the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface. not more than 1/4 INCH of
clearance above the walking/working surface.
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Protection from falling objects
(important) A guy, tie, and brace shall be installed according to the
scaffold manufacturer’s recommendations or at the closest
horizontal member to the 4 to 1 ratio height and be repeated
vertically at locations of horizontal members every 20 feet or
less thereafter for a scaffold 3 feet wide or less and every 26
feet or less thereafter for a scaffold more than 3 feet wide. The
top guy, tie, or brace of a completed scaffold shall be placed
no further than a 4 to 1 ratio height from the top. A guy, tie,
and brace shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at
horizontal intervals of not more than 30 feet measured from
one end, not both, towards the other.
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Continued...
Pg. 59
If scaffolding is 4' wide first tie and brace will be no higher than 16'. (4-1)
Also a (4-1) ratio on
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Horse Scaffold
2. A horse shall not be more than 4 feet in height and length.
Horses can be tiered two high.
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Pump Jack Scaffolds
1. Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated
from metal plates and angles. Each bracket shall have 2 positive
gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage.
3. Poles that are used for a pump jack shall not be spaced
more than 10 feet center to center when wood scaffold planks
are used for a platform. The spacing may be more than 10
feet center to center
4. A pole shall be in compliance with all of the following provisions:
a. Not be more than 30 feet in height.
5. Occupancy of a pump-jack scaffold shall be limited to 2_
employees between any 2 adjacent supports
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J. Rough terrain forklift truck scaffolds; equipment requirements;
employee safety requirements;
1. The scaffold platform shall be attached to the forks by
enclosed sleeves and shall be secured against the back of the
forks with a mechanical device so that the platform cannot tip
or slip.
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4. A work platform shall be in compliance with all of the following
requirements:
a. Be of welded mild steel construction that has a minimum
safety factor of 4 times the maximum intended load.
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Have a continuous guardrail system constructed as follows:
Rough terrain forklift truck scaffolds;
i. Have a top rail which is located not less than 36 inches,
nor more than 42 inches, above the platform floor and
which is constructed to withstand a minimum of 200 pounds
of force in any direction.
ii. Have a midrail which is installed at mid-height between
the top rail and platform floor and which is constructed to
withstand a 200-pound side thrust.
iii. Have a toeboard which is not less than 4 inches in
nominal height and which is installed not more than 1/4 of
an inch above the floor around the periphery of the work
platform. If the platform has a gate, then the toeboard shall
be installed on the gate.
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The rough terrain fork truck
lift truck shall rest on firm
footing. Leveling devices and outriggers shall be used where
provided on equipment.
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Rough terrain forklift truck scaffolds;
9. A lift truck platform shall be returned to the ground before a
lift truck is repositioned .The forklift shall be moved as close
to the work area as possible for final positioning. An employee
shall exit the landed platform and reboard the platform only
after the lift truck repositioning is completed
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Work Platform on all terrain vehicle
12. The guardrail system of the platform shall not be used to
support any of the following:
a. Materials.
b. Other work platforms.
d. Employees.
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Operator training
1. An employer shall ensure that an employee has been trained
before the employee’s assignment as an operator of a rough
terrain forklift truck that is used to elevate employees. (have to have operator card for that particular use of equipment)
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Ladder jack scaffolds
1. A ladder jack scaffold shall be used only for light duty on type I
manufactured ladders at heights not more than 20 FEET from the
ground or floor level. (Follow manufacturer’s setup instructions)
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Ladder jack scaffolds
2. The span of a wood plank shall be not more than 8 feet
between ladder jacks.
3. The span of a pick shall not exceed 24 feet.
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NOTE: Scaffolds at 10' in height or more require guard rails as well as PFAS. Access to scaffolds shall be by ladder unless otherwise designed for climbing.
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Ariel work Platform
Operator Permits
Operator permit required for each piece of arial type platform used
Permit is valid up to 3 years
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Excavation, Trenching,
and Shoring
Soft Clay
b. “Soft clay”--a clay-type soil that has an unconfined strength
of less than 1.0 ton per square foot.
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Excavation, Trenching,
and Shoring
“Medium clay,
sometimes called plastic, a clay tyoe soil that has a minimum unconfined strength of 1 ton per square foot.
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Excavation, Trenching,
and Shoring
Firm soil
clay-type soil that is resistant to forces
causing rupture or displacement. A firm clay has a minimum
unconfined strength of 1.5 tons_ per square foot.
124
Excavation, Trenching,
and Shoring
Granular soil
Granular soil”--a coarse grained soil that does not possess
cohesion but derives its strength from internal friction
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Locating utility lines
An employer shall not excavate in a street, highway, public
place, a private easement of a public utility, or near the location
of a public utility facility owned, maintained, or installed on
a customer’s premises, without having first ascertained the
location of all underground facilities of a public utility in the
proposed area of excavation.
126
Excavation; obstructions; retaining materials; egress; guarding;
heavy equipment
2. An excavation that an employee is required to enter shall
have excavated and other material stored and retained not less
than 2 feet from the excavation edge.
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Excavation; obstructions; retaining materials; egress; guarding;
heavy equipment
5. An excavation 48 or more inches in depth and occupied by
an employee shall be provided with either a ladder extending
not less than 3 feet above the top as a means of access or with
a ramp meeting the requirements of subrule (6) of this rule.
Lateral travel along the wall of a trench to a ladder or other
means of egress shall not exceed 25 FEET.
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Excavation; angle of repose
1. The side of an excavation more than 5 feet deep shall be
sloped as prescribed in table 1, unless supported as prescribed
in this part
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1. The angle of repose and the design of the supporting system
for a side of an excavation shall be based on the valuation of all
of the following factors:
Depth of cut and type of soil:
a. Possible variation in the water content of the material while
the excavation is open.
b. Anticipated changes in the material due to exposure to air,
sun, water, or freezing.
c. Load imposed by structures, equipment, overlying material,
or stored material.
e. Vibration from traffic, equipment, or blasting.
130
Recording and Reporting
MIOSHA Injury and Illness Reporting:
More than 10 employees or specifically requested by MIOSHA.
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Recordable Injuries and Illnesses
1. Means an injury or illness that meets the general recording
criteria, and therefore is recordable, if it results in one or more
of the following:
a. Death
b. Days away from work
c. Restricted work or transfer to another job
d. Medical treatment beyond first aid
e. Loss of consciousness
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MIOSHA Reporting Forms
1. MIOSHA 300: A log of work related illnesses, injuries, or
deaths. Generally kept in use for one year.
2. MIOSHA 300 A: A summary of work-related illnesses, injuries,
or deaths which summarizes the 300 log at the end of the year.
3. MIOSHA 301: The injury and illness incident report. Recorded
for each reported work related injury, illness, or death.
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MIOSHA Reporting
1. Work related fatalities and/or the hospitalization of three (3)
or more employees must be reported to MIOSHA within 8 hours
. 1-800-858-0397
2. Effective Sept 1, 2015 employers must report within 24
hours any work related amputation, loss of eye, or inpatient
hospitalization of any employee.
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Providing Records to Government Representatives
1. Must be provided within 4 hours of request.
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