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Competency > Minor ailments > Flashcards

Minor ailments Flashcards

1
Q

5Ds in dealing with nicotine withdrawal

A
  • Delay
  • Drink water
  • Distract
  • Deep breath
  • Discuss
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2
Q

6 stages of change in smoking cessation

A
  • Pre-contemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Preparation
  • Action
  • Maintenance
  • Relapse
  • Termination (for at least 6 months)
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3
Q

Maximum duration for use of NRT

A

6 months

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4
Q

Regimen for using Nicorette patch

A

25, 15, 10 mg

At least 15 sticks/day:
- 8/2/2

Less than 15 sticks/day:
- 8/4

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5
Q

Regimen for using Nicotinell patch

A

> 20 sticks/day:
- 4/4/4

20 or less sticks/day:
- 8/4

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6
Q

Maximum number of nicotine gum per day

A

Nicorette:
- 2 mg: 24
- 4 mg: 15

Nicotinell:
- 2 mg: 30
- 4 mg: 24

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7
Q

Maximum number of nicotine lozenge per day

A

20

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8
Q

Caution for NRT

A
  • Recent MI/unstable angina, severe arrhythmias, TIA/stroke
  • Uncontrolled DM
  • Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism/pheochromocytoma
  • Severe gastritis, PUD
  • Patient undergoing MRI scans (for patches)
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9
Q

Dose for Varenicline for smoking cessation

A
  • 0.5 mg OD x 3 days
  • 0.5 mg BD x 4 days
  • 1 mg BD x rest of 12 weeks
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10
Q

Dose for bupropion for smoking cessation

A
  • 150 mg OD x 3 days
  • 150 mg BD x 7-12 weeks course
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11
Q

MOA of minoxidil

A

Increase duration of anagen
Shorten telogen

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12
Q

Duration for Minoxidil to be effective

A
  • Min 2 months (5%) and 4 months (2%)
  • Failure = no response by 8 months (women) and 12 months (men) after 2% or 4 months (men) after 5%
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13
Q

Realistic weight loss goal

A
  • Not >0.5-1 kg/week
  • 5-10% within 6 months
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14
Q

Calculation of BMI

A

kg / m2

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15
Q

Xenical indication

A

BMI at least 30 OR
BMI at least 28 with other CV risk factors

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16
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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17
Q

Medications that can stimulate appetite

A

Megesterol acetate
Dexamethasone
Mirtazapine
Appelin syrup (Vit B2 & 12)

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18
Q

Exclusion for lice treatment

A

<2 y.o.
Pregnancy/breastfeeding
Involvement of eyelid/eyebrows

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19
Q

Lice treatment

A
  1. Permethrin 5% (leave on x 5 mins and rinse), single application with optional repeat after 7 days
    - For infants <6 months
  2. Malathion 0.5% (leave on for 8-12 hours and wash off), single application with optional repeat after 7 days
    - For infants >6 months
20
Q

Distribution of scabies

A

Interdigital spaces of fingers
Flexor of wrist
External male genitalia etc.

21
Q

Scabies treatment

A
  1. Permethrin 5% apply from neck to feet. Wash off after 8-14 hours. May repeat after 7 days
  2. Malathion 0.5% wash off after 24 hours. May repeat after 7 days
  3. Crotamiton 10% OD x 5 days
22
Q

Treatment of N/V in children

A

For >6 years old
- Diphenhydramine 12.5-25 mg q4-6 hours
- Dimenhydrinate 25-50 mg q6-8 hours
- Promethazine 12.5-25 mg q4-6 hours

May consider higher age cutoff e.g. >12 y.o.

23
Q

Timing to start motion sickness prophylaxis

A

Promethazine & dimenhydrinate > can be used for children <6 y.o. > 30-60 mins prior

Cinnarizine > only for > 6 y.o. > 2 hours prior

Scopolamine patch > every 72 hours > 6-8 hours prior

24
Q

Treatment of pinworm infection

A

> 2 y.o.: 400 mg on empty stomach
1-2 y.o.: 200 mg on empty stomach

25
Q

Age cut-off for diarrhea treatment

A

6 y.o. for loperamide and diphenoxylate

Both max 8 tabs per day

For children <6 y.o.:
- Mainly adsorbents
- Charcoal
- Smecta
- Kaolin mix
- Probiotics

26
Q

Steroid potency

A

Super potent:
- Clobetasol
- Bet dipropionate 0.05% ointment
- Mometasone 0.1% ointment

Potent:
- Bet dipropionate 0.05% cream
- Mometasone 0.1% cream
- BV 0.1%

Moderate:
- BV 0.05%
- BV 0.025%
- Desonide 0.05%

Low:
- Hydrocortisone 1%

27
Q

Treatment of dandruff

A
  • Salicylic acid shampoo
  • Zinc pyrithione
  • Selenium (not used 2 days before hair treatment)
  • Coal tar
  • Ketoconazole
  • Piroctone
  • Cetrimide
28
Q

Antifungal treatment for nail infections

A
  • Micronised clotrimazole lotion BD
  • Amorolfine lacquer 1-2 times/week
29
Q

VVC treatment

A
  • Clotrimazole 500 mg ON x 1D
  • Clotrimazole 200 mg ON x 3D
  • Clotrimazole 100 mg ON x 6D

Fluconazole once
- 16 y.o. and above
- Not for >60 y.o.

30
Q

Products for dry/hard wound

A

Hydrogel (duoderm gel, intrasite gel)

Hydrocolloid (Duoderm patches)

Wound honey

  • Benefit for autolytic debridement
  • Not for infected wounds
31
Q

Products for moist wound

A

Alginate (Kaltostat, algisite, Biatain)

Hydrofiber (Aquacel)

Hydrocolloid

Carbon dressing

Thin foams

32
Q

Products to reduce trauma to wound/adherence

A

Silicone dressings (Mepilex)

33
Q

Products for high level of exudating wound

A

Super absorbent dressing (Mextra)

34
Q

Wound cleansing solutions generally safe for all

A

Granudacyn
Dermacyn

35
Q

Wound cleansing solutions to be avoided in 1st 4 months of pregnancy

A

Octenidine
Prontosan (PHMB)

36
Q

Broad spectrum antiseptics

A

Chlorhexidine
H2O2
Sodium hypochlorite
Octenidine
Tea tree oil
Providing iodine

37
Q

WHO BMI risk category

A

Low: 18.5-22.9
Moderate: 23.0-27.4
High: 27.5-32.4
Very high: 32.5-37.4

38
Q

Treatment of close contacts for skin infections

A

Lice: Monitor, treat if nits present
Scabies: Treat all

39
Q

Mosquito repellent safe for pregnancy

A

DEET
Picaridin

40
Q

Mosquito repellent safe for children

A

DEET (>2 months)
Picaridin (>2 months)

Oil of lemon eucalyptus (only for 3 y.o. and above)

41
Q

Minimum SPF needed for sunblock

A

15 for daily use

30 for outdoor activities

42
Q

Minimum age for using sunblock

A

> 6 months old

43
Q

How to apply sunblock

A

1 teaspoon to face & neck
2 teaspoons to front and back
1 teaspoon to each upper extremity

15-30 mins prior to exposure
Reapply every 2 hours

Apply before insect repellent

44
Q

Malaria prophylaxis safe for pregnancy

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine

45
Q

Cautions for Malarone

A

GI side effects (take with food/milky drinks)
Pregnancy and lactation

DDI with rifampicin, metoclopramide, efavirenz

46
Q

Cautions for chloroquine

A

Psoriasis exacerbation
Seizure disorders
Myasthenia gravis
Auditory damage
Liver impairment
G6PD deficiency?

47
Q

Cautions for mefloquine

A

Neuropsychiatric side effects
Seizure disorders
QTc prolongation

DDI with ketoconazole

Competency (6 decks)

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