Minor ailments Flashcards
5Ds in dealing with nicotine withdrawal
- Delay
- Drink water
- Distract
- Deep breath
- Discuss
6 stages of change in smoking cessation
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Relapse
- Termination (for at least 6 months)
Maximum duration for use of NRT
6 months
Regimen for using Nicorette patch
25, 15, 10 mg
At least 15 sticks/day:
- 8/2/2
Less than 15 sticks/day:
- 8/4
Regimen for using Nicotinell patch
> 20 sticks/day:
- 4/4/4
20 or less sticks/day:
- 8/4
Maximum number of nicotine gum per day
Nicorette:
- 2 mg: 24
- 4 mg: 15
Nicotinell:
- 2 mg: 30
- 4 mg: 24
Maximum number of nicotine lozenge per day
20
Caution for NRT
- Recent MI/unstable angina, severe arrhythmias, TIA/stroke
- Uncontrolled DM
- Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism/pheochromocytoma
- Severe gastritis, PUD
- Patient undergoing MRI scans (for patches)
Dose for Varenicline for smoking cessation
- 0.5 mg OD x 3 days
- 0.5 mg BD x 4 days
- 1 mg BD x rest of 12 weeks
Dose for bupropion for smoking cessation
- 150 mg OD x 3 days
- 150 mg BD x 7-12 weeks course
MOA of minoxidil
Increase duration of anagen
Shorten telogen
Duration for Minoxidil to be effective
- Min 2 months (5%) and 4 months (2%)
- Failure = no response by 8 months (women) and 12 months (men) after 2% or 4 months (men) after 5%
Realistic weight loss goal
- Not >0.5-1 kg/week
- 5-10% within 6 months
Calculation of BMI
kg / m2
Xenical indication
BMI at least 30 OR
BMI at least 28 with other CV risk factors
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Medications that can stimulate appetite
Megesterol acetate
Dexamethasone
Mirtazapine
Appelin syrup (Vit B2 & 12)
Exclusion for lice treatment
<2 y.o.
Pregnancy/breastfeeding
Involvement of eyelid/eyebrows
Lice treatment
- Permethrin 5% (leave on x 5 mins and rinse), single application with optional repeat after 7 days
- For infants <6 months - Malathion 0.5% (leave on for 8-12 hours and wash off), single application with optional repeat after 7 days
- For infants >6 months
Distribution of scabies
Interdigital spaces of fingers
Flexor of wrist
External male genitalia etc.
Scabies treatment
- Permethrin 5% apply from neck to feet. Wash off after 8-14 hours. May repeat after 7 days
- Malathion 0.5% wash off after 24 hours. May repeat after 7 days
- Crotamiton 10% OD x 5 days
Treatment of N/V in children
For >6 years old
- Diphenhydramine 12.5-25 mg q4-6 hours
- Dimenhydrinate 25-50 mg q6-8 hours
- Promethazine 12.5-25 mg q4-6 hours
May consider higher age cutoff e.g. >12 y.o.
Timing to start motion sickness prophylaxis
Promethazine & dimenhydrinate > can be used for children <6 y.o. > 30-60 mins prior
Cinnarizine > only for > 6 y.o. > 2 hours prior
Scopolamine patch > every 72 hours > 6-8 hours prior
Treatment of pinworm infection
> 2 y.o.: 400 mg on empty stomach
1-2 y.o.: 200 mg on empty stomach
Age cut-off for diarrhea treatment
6 y.o. for loperamide and diphenoxylate
Both max 8 tabs per day
For children <6 y.o.:
- Mainly adsorbents
- Charcoal
- Smecta
- Kaolin mix
- Probiotics
Steroid potency
Super potent:
- Clobetasol
- Bet dipropionate 0.05% ointment
- Mometasone 0.1% ointment
Potent:
- Bet dipropionate 0.05% cream
- Mometasone 0.1% cream
- BV 0.1%
Moderate:
- BV 0.05%
- BV 0.025%
- Desonide 0.05%
Low:
- Hydrocortisone 1%
Treatment of dandruff
- Salicylic acid shampoo
- Zinc pyrithione
- Selenium (not used 2 days before hair treatment)
- Coal tar
- Ketoconazole
- Piroctone
- Cetrimide
Antifungal treatment for nail infections
- Micronised clotrimazole lotion BD
- Amorolfine lacquer 1-2 times/week
VVC treatment
- Clotrimazole 500 mg ON x 1D
- Clotrimazole 200 mg ON x 3D
- Clotrimazole 100 mg ON x 6D
Fluconazole once
- 16 y.o. and above
- Not for >60 y.o.
Products for dry/hard wound
Hydrogel (duoderm gel, intrasite gel)
Hydrocolloid (Duoderm patches)
Wound honey
- Benefit for autolytic debridement
- Not for infected wounds
Products for moist wound
Alginate (Kaltostat, algisite, Biatain)
Hydrofiber (Aquacel)
Hydrocolloid
Carbon dressing
Thin foams
Products to reduce trauma to wound/adherence
Silicone dressings (Mepilex)
Products for high level of exudating wound
Super absorbent dressing (Mextra)
Wound cleansing solutions generally safe for all
Granudacyn
Dermacyn
Wound cleansing solutions to be avoided in 1st 4 months of pregnancy
Octenidine
Prontosan (PHMB)
Broad spectrum antiseptics
Chlorhexidine
H2O2
Sodium hypochlorite
Octenidine
Tea tree oil
Providing iodine
WHO BMI risk category
Low: 18.5-22.9
Moderate: 23.0-27.4
High: 27.5-32.4
Very high: 32.5-37.4
Treatment of close contacts for skin infections
Lice: Monitor, treat if nits present
Scabies: Treat all
Mosquito repellent safe for pregnancy
DEET
Picaridin
Mosquito repellent safe for children
DEET (>2 months)
Picaridin (>2 months)
Oil of lemon eucalyptus (only for 3 y.o. and above)
Minimum SPF needed for sunblock
15 for daily use
30 for outdoor activities
Minimum age for using sunblock
> 6 months old
How to apply sunblock
1 teaspoon to face & neck
2 teaspoons to front and back
1 teaspoon to each upper extremity
15-30 mins prior to exposure
Reapply every 2 hours
Apply before insect repellent
Malaria prophylaxis safe for pregnancy
Chloroquine, mefloquine
Cautions for Malarone
GI side effects (take with food/milky drinks)
Pregnancy and lactation
DDI with rifampicin, metoclopramide, efavirenz
Cautions for chloroquine
Psoriasis exacerbation
Seizure disorders
Myasthenia gravis
Auditory damage
Liver impairment
G6PD deficiency?
Cautions for mefloquine
Neuropsychiatric side effects
Seizure disorders
QTc prolongation
DDI with ketoconazole
