Mini Exam 1 - grade 8 Flashcards
What is a term?
A collection of letters and/or numbers which are separated by plus and minus signs
What is a variable?
The letter in the expression. Its value can vary
What is constant?
The number without the variable. It has a fixed value
What is coefficient?
The number that is being multiplied by the variable
What is polynomial?
An algebraic expression with one or more terms. Exponents must be whole numbers
What is a monomial?
One term
Eg. 3x4
What is a binomial?
Two terms
Eg. 2x+5
What is a trinomial?
Three terms
What is an equation?
two expressions that are made to equal each other
What is a substitution?
replacing the variable with a particular value
What is a whole number?
All numbers. Not fractions, decimals and can’t be negative numbers
What is real numbers?
Rational and irrational numbers together. Can be put on the number line
What is the identity element for addition and subtraction?
0
What is the identity element for multiplication and division?
1
What is counting numbers?
Whole numbers or natural numbers
Not the number zero
Positive integers
not negative integers, fractions or zero
What is an infinite set?
A set whose events can’t be counted. Has no last element
What is the cube of a number?
Multiplying a number by itself three times
What is the cube root of a number?
The number which, when cubed (multiplied by itself twice) equals the number under the cube root sign
What is a percentage?
A ratio or fraction out of 100.
What is composite numbers?
A number with two or more factors
What is a special number?
1 is a special number. It only has one factor. Therefore has no prime number. It may also be irrational numbers
What is the commutative property?
The order in which the numbers appear in addition or multiplication calculation does not matter.
Eg. 3+4 = 4+3
Eg. 3x4 = 4x3
What is the associative property?
When more than two numbers are added or multiplied, any two of the numbers may be grouped together.
Eg. 2+3+4
= (2+3) +4
= 5 + 4
=9
Eg. 2x3x4
=(2x3) x 4
= 6x4
=24
What is the rule for multiplication by 0?
Anything multiplied by 0 is 0.
What is the rule for division by 0?
We cannot divide any number by 0. Division by 0 is underfined
What is ratios?
A comparison between two numbers or two quantities with the same unit.
What is a decimal?
Numbers written in decimal form. The digits to the left of the decimal point. Not whole numbers
What is the rules for multiplying decimals?
We take the comma out. When we are finished we count the decimal places and add it back
What is the rules for division of decimals?
We make the divisor a whole number by multiplying by 10,100 and 1000
What is rate?
A measure of how rapidly one quantity changes in comparison to another.
What is a fraction?
A fraction represents part of a whole number
What is a proper fraction?
The numerator has a lower value than the denominator
What is an improper fraction?
Numerator has a higher value then the denominator
What is a mixed fraction?
A whole number combined with a proper fraction
How do we add and subtract fractions?
The denominator must be the same
How do we multiply fractions?
the denominators don’t have to be the same. Cross cancel by dividing
How do we divide fractions?
the denominators don’t have to be the same. We then tip and times
How do we add algebraic expressions
only like terms. must be in alphabetical order and the number must be first
What are the squares and cubes
(+)2 = +
(-)2 =+
(+)3 = +
(-)3 = -
What is natural numbers?
All positive numbers 1;2;3;4;5…
What is a whole number
No negative numbers 1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9
What is integers?
Zahlen = numbers. positive and negative numbers
What are rational numbers?
Q. fractions. ( 1/3; 5/6; -7/12)
What is terminate?
It ends. Eg. 1; 3; -4; 3 1/2
What is recur?
Can be written as a/b. Where a and b are integers and b is not zero. Eg. 123123123123
What is irrational numbers?
Q’. Number non-terminating and non-recurring. Square roots of non-perfect squares. Cube roots of non-perfect cubes.
What is a factor?
A factor of a number can divide into the given number without leaving a remainder
What is a multiple?
A multiple of a number is a number that the original number can go into
What is a prime number?
Has only 2 factors. 1 and itself
What is a power?
The number of times a number is multiplied by itself
What is the square of a number?
Multiplying a number by itself gives the square of a number
What is a root?
A number which, multiplied by itself once, equals a given number
What is a square root of a number?
The number which, when squared ( multiplied by itself) equals the number under the square root sign
What is a perfect square root?
Rational, whole number, natural numbers and integers
What is a non-perfect square root?
Irrational number
What is a negative number square root?
Non-real / can’t do
What is a perfect cube root?
Whole number, integer, rational
What is a non-perfect cube root?
Irrational
What is a negative perfect cube root number?
It works
What is law 1 of exponents?
Law 1 - multiplication of exponents.
When multiplying numbers with the same bases, the base remains the same and you add the exponents. 23 + 24 = 27
What are the rules with even and odd exponents?
Even exponent = +
Odd exponent = -
What is law 2 of exponents?
Law 2 - dividing powers of the same base
When dividing the numbers with the same base, the base remains the same and you subtract the exponents. Eg. 28/23 = 25. Over the line change the sign. The power of the base is higher and at the bottom you were add one at the top.
What is the zero exponent?
Any number raised to the power of zero is equal to one
What is law 3 of exponents?
Law 3 - raising a power to another power. When a power is raised to another power, you multiply exponents. This happens when in brackets. Eg. (x4)2 = x8
What is law 4 of exponents?
Law 4 - raising product to a power. When raising a product to a power, we apply the exponent to each product, and multiply the results. (2x)3 = 23x3
What is an equation?
An equation is a mathematical statement that contains an equal sign.
What is a mean?
It is the average. The mean of the data is the total sum of all the values and we divide by total number of values
What is the mode?
The most often. No mode, one mode, more than one mode
What is the median value?
First arrange in ascending order. It is the data value in the middle. if there are two add them together and divide by two (average).
What is the range?
Highest number - lowest number.
