Mini Chap 8 Flashcards
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to encode new memories form our experiences
Chunking
Organizing information into meaningful groupings allowing us to extend the span of short term memory
Context dependant learning
Superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches retrieval context
Cryptomneisia
Failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else
Decay
Fading of information form memory over tine
Distributed versus massed practice
studying information in small increments over time (distributed) versus in large increments over a brief amount of time (massed)
Echoic memory
Auditory sensory memory
Elaborating rehearsal
Linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short term memory
Encoding
Process of getting information into our memory banks
Encoding specificity
Phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retirive information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it
Episodic memory
Recollection of events in our lives
Explicit memories
Memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness
Flashbulb memory
Emotional memory that is extraordinarily vivid and detailed
Iconic memory
Visual sensory memory
Imagination inflation
Imaging an event inflates confidence in the likelihood that it occurred
Implicit memory
Memories we don’t deliberately remember or reflect on consciously
Infantile amnesia
Inability of adults to remember personal experiences that took place before an early age
Interference
Loss of information from memory because of competition from additional incoming information
Levels of processing
Depth of transforming information which influences how easily we remember it
long term memory
Relatively enduring retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences and skills
Long term potential ion
Gradual strengthening of the connecting among neurons from repetitive stimulation
Magic number
The span of short term memory according to George miller—> seven plus or minus two pieces of information
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short term memory
Memory illusion
False bu subjectively compelling memory
Meta memory
Knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations
Misinformation effect
Creation of fictitious memories by proving misleading information about an event after it takes place
Nummonic
Learning aid strategy or device that enhances reveal
Per a store
Type of long lasting memory that appears to be permanent
Primacy effect
Tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well
Priming
Our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or quickly after we’ve encountered similar stimuli
Proactive interference
Interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information
Procedural memory
Memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits
Recall
Generating previously remembered information
Recency effect
Tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well
recognition
Selecting previously remember3ed information form an array of option
Rehearsal
Repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short term memory
Relearning
Reacquaint knowledge that we’d previously learned but largely forgotten over time
retrival
Deactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores
Retrival cue
Hint that makes it easier for us to recall information
Retroactive interferences
Interferences with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of memories from our past
Schema
Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we’ve stored in memory
Semantic memory
Our knowledge or facts about the world
Sensory memory
Brief storage roof perceptual information before it is passed to short term memory
Serial position curve
Graph depicting both primacy and recency effects on peoples ability to recall items on a list
Short term memory
Memory systems that retains information for limited durations
Source monitoring confusing
Lack of clarity about the origin of a memory
State depending learning
Superior retrival of memories when the organism is in the Sam physiological or psychological state as it was during encoding
Storage
Process of keeping information in memroy
Suggestive memory technique
Procedure that encourages patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place
Tip of tongue phenomenon
Experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to access it
